Part of Speech: noun

Accusative case. Suffixes to nouns with final vowel a. inákpaaša luc̓áan k̓pɨ́tna ‘she is separating out the red beads’; maysxmáysxna áwaƛ̓awiša naamína aniłáan ‘every day we pray to our Maker’; ku k̓ʷapɨ́n tiskayáyaan pániya ‘and he gave the aforementioned to Skunk’; áykɨnx̣anaaš inmína káłaan ‘I used to hear my grandmother’; átawax̣išapam túna mɨláan ‘you are smoking something bad’; ana kú patáwyašana Ímatalampa papúčni wánaan ‘when they were living at Umatilla in the midst of the river’. Also occurs after the kinship suffix -as and inflects pt̓ínits ‘girl’: paníya pt̓ínisaan ‘they gave it to the girl’; áykɨnx̣anaaš naamína nč̓ína nakákasaan ‘I used to hear our elder uncle’. See -na.

Bear, American black bear, Ursus americanus. See yáka. pawačá tanánma yáamaš tún anahúy anatúntya ‘the deer and bear whatever were people’. [CR & NE anahúy; WS also miyáwax̣; NP /yákaˀ/.]

Divorcee, divorced person. [NP tinúun /tnunn/; /hámatnon/ ‘divorced man’.]

Douglas’ or Howell’s brodiaea, Brodiaea douglasii, B. howellii. See also sɨ́t̓xʷs. [NP /c´t̓x̣ʷc/ ~ /ct̓x̣ʷc/.]

Flea, sand flea. [NP /haslam/.]

Verb nominalizer in directional complements. wiyánawiyawašamaš šápniyanat ‘I am coming to ask you’; pawiyánawišana q̓ínwanat ‘they were arriving to see [them]’; iwámšna íƛ̓iyawiyanat ‘he is coming to kill us’; túman pawiyánawiya q̓ínwanat paamanáy ‘what had come to see them?’; pawiyánawiša wáp̓anat ‘they are arriving to weave’; pawiyánawiša sápsik̓ʷanat ‘they are arriving to teach’; áana áw čí iwámš wáwˀaƛ̓awiyanat x̣ax̣áykʷyaw ‘oh now this one is coming to beg for money’; wáytšaykatyataš kʷáan Wayámkan wɨ́npanat x̣yáw núsux̣ ‘instead we were crossing on over toward Celilo to get dry salmon’. See also nominalizer -t.

Hunger. áwnaš šɨnnɨ́pɨn anáwitki ‘I’ve gotten dizzy because of being hungry’; áwnaš wá šaláw tk̓ʷanáytitpa šaláw anakúuš anáwitkni ‘now I am weak when walking as from hunger’. [NP heyéeqin /heyéqnt/.]

Large round digging bag, round woven basket, sally bag (“the one you dig into”); small bag. See also wápas.

Handicraft. aníš wawukyanmí k̓štɨ́n ‘an elk tooth handicraft’.

Chest. See ɨník̓ʷa.

Maker, the Creator, God. tkʷátat aniłá iwá ‘she is a cook’; ku ana pmáy pawačá aniłá pawapsícɨnx̣ana ‘and they who were crafters used to braid it’; maysxmáysxna áwaƛ̓awiša naamína aniłáan ‘every day we pray to our Maker’; pak̓ʷałanáwaša aniłáan ‘they’re giving thanks to the Creator’; ana tún iwá tkʷátat ana k̓ʷapɨ́n pániča čná tiičámpa naamíin aniłáyin ‘anything that is the food which our Creator put on this land’; aw kú páčax̣alpayiya paanáy ɨščɨ́t naamíyin aniłáyin ‘then the way was opened for him by our Maker’; aniłanmí tkʷátat ‘the Creator’s food’. [NP /haniyaw̓ato/.]

Spring beauty, Indian potato, Claytonia lanceolata. Tiny little roots that look like potatoes. They used to dig them in the Blue Mountains; now all come from the Washington Cascades, though there may be a small amount near Mount Hood. [NP /capcilay/.]

Miner’s lettuce, Montia perfoliata.

Winter. ánɨm iwá ‘it is winter’; panáyk̓ukɨnx̣ana tkʷátat ánɨmay ‘they used to gather food for winter’; pináwšuwanx̣a ánɨmiyaw ‘it gets itself ready for winter’; papáču ánɨm ‘the middle of winter’; ánɨmpa ‘in winter’; ánɨmiyaw ‘to winter’. [NP /ˀen´m̓/, /ˀen´m̓-/ ~ /ˀen´mi-/.]

Black hawthorn, Crataegus douglasii. Also pronounced šnɨ́maašu. For the fruit see šnɨ́m. [NE šɨšnɨ́mšway; NP /ssnm/.]

Simnasho on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation.

Beginning of winter, year. pináwšuwanx̣a ánɨmiyaw ku anmíwityaw ‘it gets itself ready for winter and for the year’. [Cf. NP /ˀinmíwit/.]

Large storage bag or basket for berries or roots, large basket for berry picking that is worn on the back. It is made of dogbane. Also called psatat̓áwas. [PR lɨtáyltay; NP /t´x̣cik̓ay/.]

Bitter cherry (Prunus emarginata); water birch (Betula occidentalis); plum. [Y ɨšnɨ́pš ‘bitter cherry; prince’s pine (Chimaphila umbellata)’; NP /hesl´ps/ ‘Englemann spruce (Picea engelmannii); birch (Betula microphylla).]

Clock, watch. [NP liklíin̓es /lkl´yntˀes/.]