-in

Definition:

Together with someone or something.

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Function:

Associative case. Attach to nouns.

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Examples:

1. Requires plural subject or object verb agreement.
   1. pišíšin pawínašana ‘he was going with his aunt’;
   2. tútin wínatk ‘go with your father!’;
   3. wínšintaš wačá watím ‘the man was with me yesterday’;
   4. kʷnátaš ášx̣ana tiyawtášpa nax̣áx̣asayin ‘I used to go in that drying shed with my maternal aunt’;
   5. patáwyašana Wawatáwya Spilyáyin ‘Antelope was living with Coyote’;
   6. wiyánawiyaataš kʷiiní wínšin ‘I arrived with that man’;
   7. miyánašin pawá ‘she’s with her child’;
   8. ku aw kú patáwyašana káłayin ‘and then he was living with his grandmother’;
   9. kʷná patáwyanaykɨnx̣ana k̓ʷáy káłyin ‘that one used to live there with his grandmother’;
   10. pyápin payámx̣atwanaša pčápa ‘he with his older brother are crying after their mother’.
2. With accusative:
   1. álaakɨnšnaš Johnna Janeinaman ‘I have forgotten John along with Jane’.
3. Marks the ergative in the pragmatic inverse:
   1. ku kʷná čúušin pátwanana ƛ̓áax̣ʷmaaman ‘and there the water follows them all’;
   2. ku kúuk súlcasin pášapawinama čaaní ‘and then the army sent them here’;
   3. ku kʷaaná pátwanimta náx̣šin ɨsípin ‘and another younger sister will come following her’;
   4. ku káayk pákʷayix̣a kʷiiní plášin plɨ́splɨsin ‘and that snowberry cleans his (sore)’;
   5. kʷáal x̣ašta pánakwinana čúušin ‘maybe the water brought him that far’;
   6. ana tún iwá tkʷátat ana k̓ʷapɨ́n pániča čná tiičámpa naamíin aniłáyin ‘anything that is the food which our Creator put on this land’.

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See more:

[NP /-iins/ (a grammatical extension of the possessive function of the past participle).]