Part of Speech: adverb

Today. čikúuksim iwá ku čáwk̓a iwá watím ‘it is only today and yesterday is gone’; aš kú áq̓inuša miyánašmaaman čikúuk ‘when I see the children today’; kúuš iwačá míimi ku čikúuk čáw kúuš iwá ‘it was like that long ago and today it is not that way’; ku čikúuk panákwinax̣a miyánaš wánptyaw ‘and today [contrary to the past] they take their children to the medicine singing’. [NW íči íkuuk; NP /táqc/; čikúuk is from čí ‘this’ plus kúuk ‘then’.]

In this language, in Sahaptin. Also ičiškíin. isɨ́nwisa čiškíin ‘he is speaking in this language’. [NP /ttooqat´mtki/ ‘in the Indian language’.]

In fear. čɨ́mˀɨlɨpn ‘go up to the top in fear’; čɨmálakʷ ‘abandon in fear’; čɨ́mlaakn ‘forget in fear’; čɨmnáwaax̣ʷaami ‘climb in fear’; čɨmnáyti ‘run away, escape’.

Ablative case. Palatalized variant of -kni. ámčni ‘outside, on the outside’; ánačni ‘behind, in back’; mítični ‘inside, underneath’; wát̓uyčni ‘in front, ahead’; x̣ʷáamični ‘above’. [N -čnik; NP -kin̓ix /-kn̓ik/.]

Quietly, noiselessly. Also pronounced čukʷíin. čukʷíin wɨ́šayčɨnk ‘be quiet!’; čuukʷíin iwačá ‘she was quiet (wouldn’t say anything)’; čukʷíin iláˀayša ‘he is sitting quietly’; čukíin isɨ́nwisa ‘he is talking quietly’; čukʷíin ‘quiet!’. [WS čawkíin; NP /cetúuk/.]

Pertaining to food. čwáwˀawx̣n ‘have memorial dinner’; čwáwˀayaya ‘have celebratory feast’; čwáwˀay(č) ‘sit and eat’; čwáwˀiyawtič ‘share the table’; čwáwku ‘take food home from a dinner’; čwáwni ‘give out extra food after a meal’; čwáwnič ‘save food from the table’; čwáwq̓inuq̓inun ‘glance around at food’; čwáwtaa ‘put food from the table in a bag’; čwáwˀayayat ‘feast’. [NP /kwéw-/.]

Heavily, severely, hazardous, cold. Of weather. hámˀ itax̣ʷíiłiša ‘it is slicking up bad’. [NP /ˀalpiˀs/.]

Unexpectedly quick. łáamay háwˀ iwínana ‘unexpectedly he went missing’. [NP /l´p/.]

Unable. húuynaš kúša ‘I cannot do it’; aw kú húuy iwáyča ‘then he was unable to cross’; ku húuy iwinanúušana ‘and he was unable to swim’; kuš húuy pawaníčayix̣ana náx̣š waníčt ‘and they would be unable to name my other name’; aw kú húuy iwáyča ‘then he was unable to cross’; ku áx̣ʷay húuy iwɨłq̓ámišana Spilyáy ‘and Coyote was still unable to put on his moccasins’. [NP /wiclém/ ‘deficient, unable, false’; /wíclemn/ ‘fail, fall short, lack’.]

Yes. íi ínaš átq̓ix̣ša ‘yes, I want them’; íi náptik pawačá áwtni mɨx̣ɨ́š ku luc̓á ‘yes, both the yellow and the red are tabooed’; íi áw ‘OK, very well’. [NP /ˀehé/ ‘yes’ is probably cognate.]

In this language, in the Indian language. pasɨ́nwisa ičiškíin sɨ́nwitki ‘they are speaking in this language’; ku sk̓ín áwača ičiškíin waníčt ‘and its name in Indian is Sk’ín’; ičiškíin sɨ́nwit ‘words in the Indian language’. [NE čiˀiškíin; NW íčiškink (Jacobs 1931:222, 247, 264); íčiškinkitki (Jacobs 1931:222, 264).]

Through, from, out of. Y Bound in Umatilla: páˀiip ‘thread a needle’; sápiip ‘divide, apportion’; sápx̣ʷˀiip ‘crawl through’; wiyáˀiip ‘come into view’; yáx̣ˀiip ‘pour through’.

Right then, now, today. aw kú íkuuk anam mún aw kú áq̓inušaykš ‘then today whenever you see beyond’; kunam aw kú ana mún íkuuk áwɨnpša túna wílapsna ‘and then whenever today you will get a sturgeon’; íkuuksɨmi ‘straighten out’.

To that, to there. ku iwiyánawiya íkʷɨn níityaw ‘and she arrived at that house’; kunam íkʷɨn patamápayškta ‘and for that they will report you’; kunam íkʷɨn wínata ‘and you should go there’; čáwnam mún íkʷɨn ášta ‘you should never enter there’; kutaš íkʷɨn pamáwšuwašana ‘and for that we were getting ourselves ready’; aw kú iwínana ana íkʷɨn páˀɨnx̣ana Spilyáyin čáwnam kʷaaní wínata ‘then he went where Coyote told him he shouldn’t go’. [NW íkʷɨnk; NP /kʷnmá/.]

To this, to here. kʷɨ́nkitašta kú wiyánawiša íčɨn ‘for that reason then we are surely arriving here’; ana kú íčɨn ku pánakwinana ɨsxɨ́pin ‘when then his younger brother brought him here’.

On the knees, kneeling. Also ɨ́mtɨm-. ítɨmn ‘be kneeling’; ítɨmnayč ‘kneel’. [NP /hítm̓-/.]

A semantically bleached augment. Phonemically /ˀ-/: epenthetic ɨ not present when not word initial in which case only ˀ remains, e.g., paˀtáymaša (paˀɨtáymaša) ‘they are trading’. Pronounced a- in U atáyma ‘sell’ (cf. Y ɨtámya; NP /ˀtam̓ya/). Preserved mostly in NE, e.g., NE ɨník ‘put, place, put away’ (cf. U níč); NE ɨtáa ‘put in’ (cf. U táa); also in some nominals, e.g., NE ɨlúut ‘belly’ (cf. U nawát); N ɨmíti ‘underneath’ (cf. U míti). [NP /ˀ-/.]

With the teeth or mouth. ɨ́mčaƛ̓k ‘break with the teeth’; ɨ́mčayaƛ̓pi ‘moisten with the mouth’. [NP /h´mke-/.]

Kneeling. ɨ́mtɨmnayč ‘kneel’. Also ítɨm-. [NP /hítm̓-/.]

With the teeth, mouth, in eating. káˀilawi ‘taste’; káˀuyi ‘eat first, observe the firstfruits’; kánaq̓i ‘finish eating’; káanwi ‘eat up, devour’; kášk̓ululapn ‘eat too much fat’; káƛ̓in ‘spit’; káƛ̓iyawi ‘kill with food, poison’; káƛ̓x̣ʷ ‘eat up, devour’; káwaaluuk ‘pick up with the mouth’. Nonpalatalized variant of čá-. [NP /ké-/.]