Part of Speech: noun

Next door neighbour.

One handful. [WS náx̣špšampt.]

Greasewood, Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Also pronounced níšx̣t.

Third person possessed (or unpossessed) kinship term. Also pi-. pšɨ́t ‘(his/her) father’; pčá ‘(his/her) mother’; pát ‘(his/her) older sister’. [NP /p-/, /pi-/; cf. the Klamath referential (nonvocative) kinship prefix b- (Barker 1963b:55)]

Appears in kinship terms with the ergative and genitive cases—mostly co-occurs with pɨ́n-. pɨ́npatpnɨmnaš iníya x̣ax̣áykʷ ‘his older sister gave me the money’; pɨ́nˀaycpnɨmš ɨ́nna ‘his younger sister told me’; pɨ́nˀɨsxɨpnɨmnaš ɨ́nx̣ana ‘his younger brother used to tell me’; k̓ʷáy áwa pɨnˀɨsx̣ɨpmí ‘that is his younger brother’s’; pɨnˀaycpmí áwa ‘it’s his younger sister’s’; miyánaš iwáč̓akša pčapmípa ‘the child is clinging on its mother’. [Cf. Klamath nominative kinship case marker -ap (Barker 1963b:54).]

Ergative/Accusative case. Suffixes to kinship terms. See -áp.

Door, gate, tepee flap, tepee door poles (there are two). ápak̓ɨnkɨnk pčɨ́šna ‘close the door!’; pák̓ɨnkɨnk pčɨ́š ‘close your door!’; čáx̣ɨlpɨnk pčɨ́š ‘open your door!’; pčɨ́š iwá kʷná ‘there is a gate there’; x̣ɨ́lpni iwá pčɨ́š ‘the door is open’; x̣áalp iwá pčɨ́š ‘the door is open all the way’; ana kú úyix̣a wánpt ku papák̓ɨnkɨnx̣a pčɨ́šna ‘when he begins to sing they block the door’; áwnaš ičáx̣ɨlpayišamš ína pčɨ́š ‘he is opening the door for me now’; ku iwá pčɨ́š wíwac̓aaki ‘and each door/gate is locked’; pčɨšpamá twá ‘the two long tepee door sticks’; pčɨšpamá čax̣ɨlpáwas ‘door handle’. [NP pískis /psks/.]

Mother. íła ‘mother!’; naˀíłas ‘my mother’; íł ‘your mother’; pčá ‘(his/ her) mother’; ku naˀíłas ku naxáxas paˀílax̣yawix̣ana k̓súyas ‘and my mother and aunt used to dry eels’; iq̓ínušanaaš naˀíłasanɨm ‘my mother saw me’; naˀíłasaan páˀɨnna ‘he told my mother’; naˀíłasanɨmš ɨ́nx̣ana ‘my mother would tell me’; naˀiłasanmí áwa ‘it’s my mother’s’; áq̓inušanaaš iłáp ‘I saw your mother’; iq̓ínušanaaš iłáp ‘your mother saw me’; iłaamí áwa ‘it’s your mother’s’; íłin páˀɨnna ‘your mother told him’; inmí pčá iwínax̣ana White Salmonyaw ‘my mother used to go to White Salmon’; aš kú inmí čáw wɨ́šayča pčá kuš wínax̣ana k̓ʷáalkyaw ‘when my mother passed away I would go to the long house’; awmaš kú čáw wɨ́šayča pčá ‘then your mother passed away’; miyánaš iwáč̓akša pčapmípa ‘the child is clinging on its mother’; áq̓inušanaaš pɨ́npčapa ‘I saw him and his mother’; pčíin páˀɨnna ‘her mother told her’; ku tílaakina miyánašna pásapsik̓ʷašana pčíin anít tkʷátat ‘and the mother was teaching a female child food preparation’; pɨ́npčapnɨmnaš ɨ́nna ‘his mother told me’; pɨnpčapmí áwa ‘it’s his mother’s’; pčałk̓ʷí ‘Mother’s day’. [NP /pke/.]

Man’s son-in-law; man’s fatherin-law. pšáš ‘father-in-law! son-in-law!’; ínpšaš ‘my father-in-law’; ímpšaš ‘your father-in-law’; pšáš ‘(his/her) son-in-law/ father-in-law’; pšáš áwa spilyaynɨmí ‘Coyote has a son-in-law’ (Jacobs 1937:33.5.1, pg. 83); čɨ́mtina wá pšáš ‘we have a new son-in-law’. [NP /pses/.]

Distributive. pakúuk ‘sometimes’; pálaxsim ‘seldom’; pamáan ‘in every direction’; pamún ‘sometimes, now and then’; pánax̣š ‘sometimes’; papáču ‘middle, between’; patún ‘things’; patúnx̣ ‘differences’; palɨxsíks ‘widow or widower during the time of mourning’; nápt áwača níit pakʷaalpáyn ‘they had two houses that far along each side’. [NP /pe-/ (causes germination in some following consonants).]

Function:

Accusative case.

Inflects kinship terms when a 3rd person possessor is coreferential with subject.

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Examples:

1. tílaaki iq̓ínuna pšɨ́tpa ‘the woman saw her father’;
2. ku ɨ́nna káłapa ‘and he said to his grandmother’;
3. ku ɨ́nx̣ana x̣áypa ‘and he would say to his friend’;
4. pímx̣pa isík̓ʷatana ‘he went to show his uncle’.
5. Assimilates to stem final p:
   1. iq̓ínuša pyápa ‘he sees his older brother’;
   2. ɨsípa iq̓ínušana ‘she saw her little sister’.

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[Perhaps an extension of the locative -pa; cf. also ergative/accusative -áp.]

Stickgame player.

The stick-game. áƛ̓unaaš Terryna paˀalyáwatpa ‘I guessed Terry in the stick-game’.

One that enters. mɨšyúpa paˀašłá ‘earwig’.

Sandhill crane, Grus canadensis. NW.

Buckskin horse; gray. paˀáx̣ k̓úsi ‘buckskin horse’; paˀax̣wáakuł ‘palomino horse’. [NP /taqoˀqwákoˀs/; /ˀlapáqiˀns/.]

Palomino horse. [NP /kewxkéws/.]

Treaty. Also páwanaq̓it. ana átkʷapaničašayita páˀiniix̣ʷat ana kúuš itq̓íx̣ša qúyx̣ ‘whenever we sign the treaty for the whiteman as he wants’. [Y paˀaníx̣ʷat; NP /pítamalwit/.]

Warrior. paˀiƛ̓iyawiłáma ‘warriors’. Also piiƛ̓iyawiłá.

Parker’s Well, just past Deadman’s Pass on Umatilla Reservation. paˀlíispa ‘at Parker’s Well’.