Function:
Nominalizer (forms nouns).
Examples:
- In subject complements:
- k̓ʷáy áwa wɨ́npt tiičám ‘that is their buying of the land’;
- k̓ʷáy áwača paamíin pamáwšuwat ‘that was their getting themselves ready’;
- iwačá áwtni miyánašmaaman čáw nákwinat ‘it was not sacred to take the children’;
- at̓úk iwá sápsik̓ʷat paamanáy sɨ́nwit naamí ‘it is difficult to teach them our language’;
- ana míš mayní naknúwit iwačá k̓úsimaaman ‘however it was to take care of the horses’;
- ača kú iwačá wíyat náktux̣t čaaní ‘because it was far to take them back here’.
- In object complements:
- nayáyasayintaš pasápsik̓ʷana wášat ‘my two older brothers taught us to ride’;
- patmíyuna wanapáyn anít ‘they decided to make it along the river’;
- átq̓ix̣šaaš pyax̣ína tkʷátat ‘I want him to eat bitterroot’;
- iwapáataša pšɨ́tpa naknúwit k̓úsina ‘he is helping his father take care of the horse’;
- čáw čáw čáw iwá kʷná wiyák̓ɨnkt paanáy wínat ‘no, no, it is not there to block him going’;
- pamáwšuwaša wɨštáymat naamína pátna ‘they are getting themselves ready to meet our older sister’;
- ana kú pamáwšuwanx̣ana támayčt k̓ʷɨ́nčna ‘when they would get themselves ready to barbecue the pine lichen’;
- ačašta kú pɨ́nɨm ƛ̓áax̣ʷ išúkʷayišamš pináwšuwat ‘because he knows all the getting of myself ready’.
- With case marking:
- k̓ʷáyš kʷɨ́ł áykɨnx̣ana inmímaaman nč̓ínč̓imaaman sɨ́nwityaw ‘that much I used to hear my elders speak’;
- kúuštašta kú máysx pamáwšuwata wínatyaw ‘thusly in the morning then we’ll get ourselves ready to go’;
- čáwna mún payíkɨnx̣a tanánki sɨ́nwityaw ‘they never hear us speaking in Indian’;
- ku kúuk pamáwšuwanx̣a wánptyaw ‘and then they get themselves ready to sing’;
- ana pmáy pamáwšuwaša x̣nítatyaw ‘they who are getting themselves ready to go root digging’;
- paˀawítša ílax̣yawitay ‘they are slicing [it] in preparation for drying’. In compounds:
- itkʷátatˀuyiya ‘he began to eat’;
- itkʷátatnaq̓iya ‘he finished eating’.
- Before derivational suffixes:
- čáw máan wínataš ‘nowhere to go’;
- ayčtpamá ‘sitting place, seat’;
- šapaluluukt̓áwas ‘sandpaper’.
- With lexicalizations:
- láwaalaytt ‘smoke’;
- łq̓íwit ‘to play, game’;
- nákwinat ‘taking, to take’;
- sápsik̓ʷat ‘to teach, teaching’;
- tkʷátat ‘eating, food’;
- úyit ‘beginning, first’;
- wɨšpɨ́tn ‘sit up from lying down’;
- wánpt ‘to sing the medicine song, medicine singing’;
- wáwtukt ‘camping overnight, night’.
See more:
[NP /-t/.]