-t

Function:

Nominalizer (forms nouns).

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Examples:

1. In subject complements:
   1. k̓ʷáy áwa wɨ́npt tiičám ‘that is their buying of the land’;
   2. k̓ʷáy áwača paamíin pamáwšuwat ‘that was their getting themselves ready’;
   3. iwačá áwtni miyánašmaaman čáw nákwinat ‘it was not sacred to take the children’;
   4. at̓úk iwá sápsik̓ʷat paamanáy sɨ́nwit naamí ‘it is difficult to teach them our language’;
   5. ana míš mayní naknúwit iwačá k̓úsimaaman ‘however it was to take care of the horses’;
   6. ača kú iwačá wíyat náktux̣t čaaní ‘because it was far to take them back here’.
2. In object complements:
   1. nayáyasayintaš pasápsik̓ʷana wášat ‘my two older brothers taught us to ride’;
   2. patmíyuna wanapáyn anít ‘they decided to make it along the river’;
   3. átq̓ix̣šaaš pyax̣ína tkʷátat ‘I want him to eat bitterroot’;
   4. iwapáataša pšɨ́tpa naknúwit k̓úsina ‘he is helping his father take care of the horse’;
   5. čáw čáw čáw iwá kʷná wiyák̓ɨnkt paanáy wínat ‘no, no, it is not there to block him going’;
   6. pamáwšuwaša wɨštáymat naamína pátna ‘they are getting themselves ready to meet our older sister’;
   7. ana kú pamáwšuwanx̣ana támayčt k̓ʷɨ́nčna ‘when they would get themselves ready to barbecue the pine lichen’;
   8. ačašta kú pɨ́nɨm ƛ̓áax̣ʷ išúkʷayišamš pináwšuwat ‘because he knows all the getting of myself ready’.
3. With case marking:
   1. k̓ʷáyš kʷɨ́ł áykɨnx̣ana inmímaaman nč̓ínč̓imaaman sɨ́nwityaw ‘that much I used to hear my elders speak’;
   2. kúuštašta kú máysx pamáwšuwata wínatyaw ‘thusly in the morning then we’ll get ourselves ready to go’;
   3. čáwna mún payíkɨnx̣a tanánki sɨ́nwityaw ‘they never hear us speaking in Indian’;
   4. ku kúuk pamáwšuwanx̣a wánptyaw ‘and then they get themselves ready to sing’;
   5. ana pmáy pamáwšuwaša x̣nítatyaw ‘they who are getting themselves ready to go root digging’;
   6. paˀawítša ílax̣yawitay ‘they are slicing [it] in preparation for drying’. In compounds:
   7. itkʷátatˀuyiya ‘he began to eat’;
   8. itkʷátatnaq̓iya ‘he finished eating’.
4. Before derivational suffixes:
   1. čáw máan wínataš ‘nowhere to go’;
   2. ayčtpamá ‘sitting place, seat’;
   3. šapaluluukt̓áwas ‘sandpaper’.
5. With lexicalizations:
   1. láwaalaytt ‘smoke’;
   2. łq̓íwit ‘to play, game’;
   3. nákwinat ‘taking, to take’;
   4. sápsik̓ʷat ‘to teach, teaching’;
   5. tkʷátat ‘eating, food’;
   6. úyit ‘beginning, first’;
   7. wɨšpɨ́tn ‘sit up from lying down’;
   8. wánpt ‘to sing the medicine song, medicine singing’;
   9. wáwtukt ‘camping overnight, night’.

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[NP /-t/.]