Be, have. wač before past -a. mɨnánam wačá ‘where were you?’; čáwna wá kúuš ana kúuš šuyápu ‘we are not like the whiteman’; kupam wáta kʷná imáy čanupáa ‘and there you folks will be capable’; xʷɨ́saat iwačá ‘he was an old man’; tún iwá ‘what is it?’; k̓pɨ́s iwá čúuš ‘the water is cold’; iwáta níix̣ łk̓ʷí ‘it will be a good day’; pawačá níitpa ‘they were in the house’; pawá ‘they are’; pawáta ‘they will be’; ku kʷná pawá ana mɨná iwíwa ‘and they are there wherever each is’. With sense of ‘have’: táymuš wá ‘I have news’; čí áwa tiičám sulcasmaamí ‘this is the soldiers land’; k̓ʷáy áwa níit ‘that was their house’; k̓ʷáy áwača míimi qqaanáyt nč̓inč̓imaamí ‘that was the business of the elders long ago’; áwa c̓áa náymu waničtmí ‘the name has a close relative’; šimíin áwača waníčt ‘who had the name?’; inmí kałanmí áwača mɨ́taw ƛ̓áksma ‘my grandmother had three sisters’; inmínam wáta ‘you are mine’; ínaš wá imíin ‘I’m yours’; wačámaš wá nápt k̓úsi ‘you had two horses’. Indicates motion with the directionals: áw iwámš ‘now he is coming’; kʷɨ́nimataš wámš ‘yours are all coming from there’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n iwámš tkʷátat ‘the aforementioned food which is coming’; ku patáwaatwanana ɨščɨ́t ana kʷaaní áwačiča watíkš ‘and they followed their trail even toward where there tracks went on’; yúuk iwáčiš ‘he is going on over yonder’. With passive: ku áwača wátisas aníyi p̓ip̓inmí ‘and his rope was made of intestine’; ana pmáy pawá sápsik̓ʷani ‘they who are taught’; ana mún iwáta waníči łk̓ʷí ‘whenever the day will be named’; ku iwačá k̓ʷáalk aníyi icimayctpamá ‘and a long feeding trough was made’; áwata aníyi wilawiix̣tpamá ‘their race track will be made’; ataš kúuš wačá náma sápsik̓ʷani ‘like we were taught’. In compounds: wác̓ilun ‘look at angrily’; wákmuyk ‘buck’; wáluun ‘go into water’; wánaq̓i ‘finish’; wánwi ‘go down, descend’; wápa ‘go into brush’; wáqʷnayk ‘bow the head’; wáša ‘ride a horse, board a canoe’; wát̓uyi ‘go ahead’; wáƛ̓k ‘break down’ (of automobile); wáwšx̣ ‘finish a project’; wáypx̣ ‘go downstream’; náwa(č) ‘say’; nákwa(č) ‘be with, stay with’; qáwa(č) ‘be there suddenly or by chance’; táwa ‘pierce, skewer, roast on a spit from the side’; wapáwa ‘dress, wear’; wáawa ‘be paused, stay awhile’; wásɨm- ‘while sitting’; wápas ‘bag’. [NP /we/; /wek/ (before a vowel).]