Part of Speech: verb

Transitivizer. íkiik ‘clean’; ímiik ‘tan’; ímuyk ‘wring out and stretch’; ítk̓ʷk ‘straighten’; ítux̣ ‘take back’; íwayk ‘trap, catch’. Without -k: íkkmi ‘fill’; ílac̓muyn ‘warm up’; ílapaša ‘lay hands on for healing’; ílax̣yawi ‘dry’; ílax̣ʷayx̣ ‘heat’; ílwi ‘testify, confess’; ínaq̓i ‘finish’; ínaat̓i ‘cook’; ínawi ‘try, test’; íniix̣i ‘fix’; ípuxpuxi ‘spread around’; íqaax̣ta ‘pour into’; ísx̣ɨx̣n ‘infuriate, make angry’; ítux̣ ‘take back, return’; ítwa ‘mix’; ít̓x̣aša ‘smoke’; íƛ̓aapn ‘lost out on’; íƛ̓iyawi ‘kill’; íƛ̓ɨmux̣i ‘cover’; íyatna ‘kill’; íyaƛ̓pi ‘wet, moisten’; íyawa ‘drive away’. With -k: íc̓ik ‘sweeten’; ík̓uk ‘pile’; ík̓ʷaank ‘spoil, give constant attention’; íluk ‘build a fire’; íłamayč ‘hide’; íłik ‘bother’; íšq̓uk ‘rub on grease, anoint’; íšwik ‘reciprocate on the Indian trade’; íqʷik ‘perfume’; ítk̓ʷɨk ‘straighten’; ítyak̓uk ‘crowd’; íx̣alk̓uk ‘give a sudden scare’. [NP /hí-/.]

Verbalizer. ámani ‘marry’ (of a woman); táˀawtaši ‘wound with an arrow (or bullet)’; čáksksi ‘make small’; čáynači ‘marry’ (of a man); čx̣áwi ‘be fat’; íkkmi ‘fill’; íkuuksɨmi ‘straighten out’; íniix̣i ‘fix’; íƛ̓ɨmx̣ʷi ‘cover’; kúuki ‘cook’; lák̓ʷšk̓ʷši ‘turn brown from roasting’; láqayx̣i ‘shine’; láx̣yawi ‘dry’; lax̣ʷayx̣łáyi ‘have the flu’; łáyłayi ‘have measles, pox’; páščti ‘mist, be misty’; sapátaawayi ‘freeze’; skúuli ‘go to school’; sulátasi ‘put on leggings’; šapáłkapi ‘have arthritis’; šátɨmi ‘be autumn’; tamc̓íc̓iti ‘hail’; táatpasi ‘put on like a shirt’; tilíwali ‘bleed’; tuní ‘strike a match’; t̓úx̣t̓ux̣i ‘rain’; wawáx̣ɨmi ‘be spring’; wɨłq̓ámi ‘put on moccasins’. Productive with borrowed words: *town*i ‘go to town’; *watch*i ‘watch’. [NP /-hi/.]

Imperative. yáx̣ʷak ‘wait!’; tútik ‘stand up!’; kʷáan kúk ‘go away!’; áq̓inunk ‘look at it!’; ánik ‘give it to him!’; apáp áwɨnpayik ‘shake hands!’; čáw tíyak ‘don’t laugh!’. With adjunct -n after an obstruent (-nk): tímaš wɨ́npɨnk ‘pick up your papers!’; áyčɨnk ‘sit down!’; páykɨnk ‘hear me!’. Deletes after cislocative -m: wínam ‘come!’; ášɨm ‘come in!’; átɨm ‘come out!’; wɨ́npatam čí útpas ‘come get this blanket!’. Pluralized by -t, e.g. wínamtk ‘you all come!’. [NP /-k/ (after consonants), /-y/ (after vowels).]

Augment that occurs with various adverbial prefixes. A stem final n is never present before -k, and -k never occurs after p. čák̓uk ‘bundle’; čáwaanknik ‘put around’; ík̓uk ‘pile’; ínaamk ‘erase’; mɨškʷyámk ‘believe’; náyk̓uk ‘gather’; nákpayšk ‘appear with, bring back a name’; sápk̓uk ‘gather up’; suyátk ‘skewer fish or meat’; tamáquk ‘weigh down, hinder’; wáp̓ik ‘wash clothes’; wáasklik ‘go around’; wášiwatk ‘disagree, quarrel’; wátyasklik ‘dance around’; wiyánknik ‘go around’; wiyák̓uk ‘gather together’. A root final velar or uvular obstruent absorbs -k, and a root final labiovelar/ labiouvular is delabialized by -k: ílac̓ɨx ‘fry’; pátk̓ʷk ‘straighten’; šáx̣ƛ̓k ‘cut’; wáwp̓k ‘hatch’. Adjectives verbalized by -k with adverbial prefix: čák̓aywak ‘shorten’; čák̓ilak ‘bend’; čák̓ptk ‘ball up’; čáquuk ‘hold back, halt’; čáq̓ttk ‘make hard, harden’; íc̓ik ‘sweeten’; ímałak ‘clean up’; náknɨč̓ik ‘enlarge’; pác̓aak ‘add on’; twáluc̓ak ‘mark red’; wác̓aak ‘close, lock’; wáquuk ‘stake down’. In the following -k is clearly a transitivizer: pátuk ‘place, set’ (individuative object); ptúk ‘place, set dishes’ (distributive object). For intransitive equivalents see pátun ‘be situated’ (individuative inanimate subject); ptún ‘be situated’ (distributive inanimate subject). The palatalized variant -č, which see, occurs only in CR. [NP /-k/.]

Translocative directional. Implies ‘further on’ from some point already away from the speaker. Reduces to -yk after the aspects. iwínakika ‘he went on’; ku kúuk sɨ́nwit iwáanačičɨnkika naamíyaw níityaw ‘and then he sent word on to our house’; kʷɨ́łnaš k̓ʷáy ínč̓a tɨmnanáx̣ɨnkikš ‘that much further also I have told the story’; ku aw kú iwaanáytɨnkika saysáy ‘and then the worm went on out’; áwš wayčát̓ašaykš ‘now I am wanting to cross on over’; ku iwáanaytɨnx̣ayka ‘and he would go on out’. [NE -čič; NP /-kik/.]

Probable root in lák̓uušk ‘smoke’; tamák̓usk ‘cover over’. Cf. also k̓ʷɨ́š ‘muddy, soft’. [Cf. NP /k̓úxsn/ ‘be a mound, pile of dirt, etc.’.]