Part of Speech: noun

Year. náx̣š anwíčt paˀáwtšana ‘they were mourning (avoiding celebrations) one year’; ana mɨ́ł anwíčt čáw šín iwá čáw waníči kʷɨ́nki ‘however many years that nobody was named with that [name]’; kʷɨ́łx̣itaš wá anwíčt ‘we are the same age’; ku náx̣š anwíčt pináwšuwašana ‘and he was getting himself ready one year’; ku iwánpta páx̣at anwíčt áw k̓ʷáyk̓a áw uynáapt anwíčt ‘and he will medicine sing five years or seven years’; ana kú pawɨ́šayčɨnx̣a mɨ́ł anwíčt pútɨmt aw pútɨmt ku nápt ‘when they become about ten or twelve years old’; čikúuknaš wá anwíčt uymtáaptit ku mɨ́taat ‘today I am 83 years old’; áw ic̓áaša anwíčt ‘now it is the winter solstice (the new year)’; c̓áat anwíčt ‘new year’. [N anwíkt; NP /ˀinmíwit/.]

Moon, month. See álxayx.

Sun. Legendary character. áwača piyáp anyáy alxayxyaynmí ‘Sun is the older brother of Moon’ (Jacobs 1937:16.19.3, pg. 32).

Ergative/Accusative case. Suffixes to kinship terms with ɨ- ‘your’ prefix (usually deleted in Umatilla). iłápnaš ániya útpas ‘I gave the blanket to your mother’; iłápnaš iníya útpas ‘your mother gave me the blanket’; ič̓ɨ́škawanaaš yašáp ‘your older brother lied to me’; watímnam áq̓inwatata yašáp ‘tomorrow you should go see your older brother’. [N -ám (ergative); -áp (accusative); NP kinship terms with /neˀ-/ ‘my’ and /ˀim̓-/ ‘your’ inflect with /-em/ (ergative) and /-ep/ (accusative); cf. the Klamath -p (nominative case for kinship terms).]

Tick, deer tick. Also áč̓pł, yáč̓pš. [NW apšɨ́x̣, pšɨ́x̣; NP /psq/.]

Root loaf. See ɨpá.

Edible mushroom, Agaricus sp. The deer eat it, “that’s why you see so many deer under the trees. It has no taste of its own.” ášnawix̣anaataš apánna, ittáwax̣ɨnx̣a tiičámpa mítični apɨ́łˀapłpa ‘we used to look for Agaricus; it grows on the ground under the leaves’. [Y ɨpán; cf. possibly NP /llps/ “a kind of mushroom found under pine trees, white in color and, unlike híp̓ew, eaten raw” (Aoki 1994:380).]

Hand, lower arm, finger. áw pawiyánawi ku pasklíta pawɨ́npayitana apáp ‘now they’ve arrived (from the cemetery) and they’ll turn around and shake hands’; itkʷápaluuša apáp ‘he put his hand in the water’; itkʷápčayka apáp ‘he put his hand out’; apáp ipápawɨnpayiya ‘they shook hands’.; apáp wɨ́npayim ‘shake my hand!’; apáp áwɨnpayik ‘shake his hand!’; apáp wiyáwɨnpayim ‘hold my hand’; nɨwít apáp ‘right hand’. (Bruce Rigsby: “Vera [Jones] consistently used ipáp…”) [K ɨpɨ́p (Jacobs 1931:102, 137, 157); Y ɨpáp; NP /ˀpsus/.]

Sleeve. ttúušma tkʷaynpłáma pašáx̣ƛ̓kɨnx̣a apápaas íkiiktay túyay ‘some hunters cut off their sleeve for cleaning their things’. [NE šɨ́mqin; NP /ˀatím̓ayn/; /sm̓qiins/]

Fingers spread out, fingers.

Little finger. See tkʷáplaymut. [K ɨpɨ́p láymut ‘little finger’ (Jacobs 1929:178:20); NP /ˀpsusláymwt/ ~ /ˀpcocláymwt/.]

Middle finger. [WS apámlɨxs; NP /hépeyme/.]

Food for storage. apíš paˀaníšana ánɨmay ‘they were preparing stored food for winter’.

Head louse, head lice. Diminutive of apɨ́n. [Cf. NP /plesples/ ‘bedbug’; Molalla paans ‘flea’.]

Village on Alder Creek near Alderdale, Washington. Name refers to ‘sand fleas’.

Apple.

Leaf, leaves; weeds. Also apɨ́łˀapł. ittáwax̣ɨnx̣a tiičámpa mítični apɨ́łapłpa ‘it grows on the ground under the leaves’; pináwšuwanx̣a pɨnmíin wáwnakʷšaš ku kúuk apɨ́łapł áwatɨnx̣a ‘its [the tree’s] body readies itself and then its leaves go out’; apɨ́łapł áƛ̓iyawi ‘its leaves have died’; pɨnmíin apɨ́łapł iyáx̣ʷax̣a wawáx̣ɨmitna ‘its leaves wait for spring’; pinátaatpasix̣a pɨnmikíin apɨ́łapłki ‘it [the tree] dresses itself with its leaves’; pɨ́taat ƛ̓áax̣ʷ pináˀikiikɨnx̣a pɨnmikíin apɨ́łapłki ‘[in the fall] all the trees clean themselves of their leaves’; tap̓ašmí apɨ́łapł ‘pine needles’. [NP /psqu/.].

Head louse. čáwmaš wá tún apɨ́n ‘you don’t have any head lice’. [NW ɨpɨ́n; NP /ple/.]

Flint. tanínšay iwáƛ̓ɨmtka ápsna ‘he chipped the flint for an arrowhead’. [NP /ˀ´ps/.]

Palouse Falls. [For possible Cayuse etymology, cf. áapit ‘rock’ (Aoki 1998b); for Nez Perce cf. /hapt̓is/ ‘skilled in hunting’.]