-š

Function:

Present perfect.

---

Examples:

1. -š after the directionals:
   1. iwámš ‘he is coming’;
   2. iwačítš ‘he is going on’;
   3. kʷɨ́łnaš k̓ʷáy ínč̓a tɨmnanáx̣ɨnkikš ‘that much further also I have told the story’.
2. -š before an enclitic:
   1. wášna tanán ‘we are Indian’;
   2. álaaknayišnaš waníčt ‘I have forgotten his name’.
3. Deletes after a vowel:
   1. pawína ‘they have gone’;
   2. áw šnɨ́m át̓i ‘the thornberry has ripened now’;
   3. pakú ‘they have done it’.
4. Is realized as a lengenthing in the vowel of a final in or un (and sometimes an):
   1. áwx̣aš pináwšuwaan wíwnu ‘now the huckleberry must have gotten herself ready’;
   2. patk̓íin ‘they have watched’;
   3. iq̓ínuun ‘he has seen’.
5. Is realized as –ɨn after all consonant stems:
   1. áwna iwiláalakʷɨn ‘he has left us now’;
   2. čɨ́mti waníčt ipáyšɨn ‘a new name has come out’.
6. Occurs in hortative constructions:
   1. aš ín nána ‘let me take it’ (Jacobs 1931:125).

---

See more:

[NP /-s/.]