Part of Speech: noun

Wing. alɨxmí áwa pípš ‘it’s a wing bone’. Also pronounced alɨ́x̣alx̣, aláx̣alx̣, alɨ́xˀalx. [NP /helqhelq/.]

Moon, month. itináytšamš álxayx ‘the moon is coming up’; iláqayx̣iša álxayx ‘the moon is shining’; ic̓íilɨn álxayx ‘it is a full moon’; c̓íil iwá álxayx ‘it is a full moon’; isc̓átsa álxayx ‘the moon is eclipsing’; náaptit ku náx̣š áwawtukɨnx̣a anx̣ayx̣mí ‘it is the 21st of the month’; náaptit ku náx̣š áwawtukɨnx̣a anx̣ayx̣mí ku kúuk pinátamasklikɨnx̣a tiičám wawáx̣ɨmityaw ánɨmkni ‘night falls the twenty first of the month and then the earth turns itself from winter to spring’; qáayx̣ álxayx ‘bright moon’; alxayxmí níit ‘ring around the moon’; alxayxwáakuł ipáax̣ ‘pan bread, moon bread’; xawíyi álxayx ‘May, June’. [ál is diminutive of án ‘sun’; x̣áyx̣ ‘dawn’; NP /hísemtuks/ ‘sun, moon’.]

Menstruation, menstrual period. alxayxpamá ititámat ‘calendar’. [NP /ˀémees/; /péhisemtuks/.]

Fin, top fin, dorsal fin. [Y pɨ́c̓a ‘dorsal fin’.]

Douglas’ or Howell’s brodiaea. See anałpípi.

Husband. ám ‘husband!’; ínmam ‘my husband’; ímam ‘your husband’; ám ‘(her) husband’; k̓ʷáy áwa ám ‘that is her husband’; tkʷátat iníya ámapa ‘she gave food to her husband’; ámin ‘with husband, married couple’; ámtayk ‘move in with in-laws’ (said of a woman); ámani ‘marry’ (of a woman). [NP /háma/ ‘man, husband’.]

Land feature formative in núwax̣am ‘burnt over ground’; šám ‘scree’; tamalám ‘rocky bar in river’; tiičám ‘land’; watám ‘lake’; Wayám ‘Celilo’; Wɨ́šx̣am ‘Wishram’. [Cf. NP /-em/ in /ˀmssem/ ‘rocky hillside’; /ˀuuyikem/ ‘shale rock’; /ˀwetem/ ‘lake’; /cam̓qʷam/ ‘point, corner, sharp angle’; /caayokam/ ‘pebbled beach’; /háwtikam/ ‘steep ground, cliff’; /héwtip̓em/ ‘hillside’; /kím̓olikam/ ‘guardian spirit mountain’; /meqsem/ ‘mountain’; /qemúynem/ ‘Wallowa Creek’; /simínekem/ ‘fork of river’; /tamalam/ ‘rocky bar’; /tkem/ ‘waterfall’; /toyam/ ‘hill top’; /tq̓isam/ ‘shore, bank’; /tx̣peˀem/ ‘prairie’; /tx̣sem/ ‘ridge’.]

Island. See ɨmá.

Accusative plural case. Suffixes to plural -ma, dual -in, and agentive -łá: kúušnašta áwɨnx̣a inmímaaman miyánašmaaman ‘thusly I tell my children’; k̓ʷáyš kʷɨ́ł áykɨnx̣ana inmímaaman nč̓ínč̓imaaman sɨ́nwityaw ‘that much I used to hear my elders speak’; kátkaatinaman inaknúwiša ‘she is taking care of two boys’; inákwinax̣ana tkʷaynpłáaman ‘he would take the hunters along’; ku pášapawinana Imatalamłáaman Háwtmikan ‘and he sent the Umatillas toward McKay Creek’.

Wampum. [NP /ˀamcaˀamca/.]

Genitive plural case. Suffixes after -ma, -in, -łá and certain kinship terms: k̓úsi áwa miyanašmaamí ‘the children have a horse’; k̓ʷáy áwa katkaatinamí ‘that belongs to the two boys’; Imatalamłaamí ‘of the Umatilla’; iłamí ‘your mother’s’.

Chiefs. amíyuux̣ma pápamššukʷayiya tmíyut ‘the chiefs didn’t understand each others positions’. For singular see miyúux̣. [NE amɨ́myuux̣ma; NP /mm̓yóox̣ato/. The S plural suggests a reduplicative *he-, such as occurs before /ˀ/ and /h/ in NP (see Aoki 1970).]

Golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus saturatus, C. lateralis. amɨtmí tánawit ‘the ground squirrel’s den’; amɨtyáy ‘Ground Squirrel’. [Cf. possibly NP /ˀmn/ ‘gopher, mole’.]

Newly married woman, bride; daughter-in-law; western toad, Bufo boreas (also pamtá). ana pɨ́n iwačá waníči sɨ́kni ku iwačá ámtanat ‘she who was named Sɨ́kni was a bride’; ku iwačá ámtanat ‘and she was the daughter-in-law’. [NP /ˀapol´mt(i)/.]

Seashell, snail. [K łaq̓áya; NP /ˀal̓as/.]

Wave. nč̓í amúyt ‘large wave’. [NP héew̓iin /héw̓ynt/.]

Definition:

Sun.

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Examples:

itináytɨmš áw án ‘the sun has come up now’;

iwiyátk̓ukša án ‘the sun is getting straight up’;

itináynatšaykš án ‘the sun is going down’;

áw páwiyaˀilukayi ánna ‘he has made fire for the sun now (said of a sundog)’;

áwna iwináanakʷša án ‘now the sun is leaving us (said when getting delayed)’;

áana čáw šíin pánkaštkɨn ánna ‘oh, nobody has tied up the sun (said when running behind schedule)’;

čáw šíin pánkaštkɨnx̣a ánna áwna iwiláalakʷša nɨknínɨm ‘nobody ties up the sun (you can’t stop time), the time is leaving us now’;

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See more:

ánɨm ‘winter’;

anwíč ‘spend winter’;

anwíčt ‘year’;

anwím ‘last year, next year’;

álxayx ‘moon’;

anpamá ‘clock, watch’.

[Y áan; NP /hísemtuks/ ‘sun, moon’; /wyetenet(u)/ ‘sun’ < ‘traveler’ (occurs mostly only in names).]

Accusative case. Suffixes to nouns with final vowel a. inákpaaša luc̓áan k̓pɨ́tna ‘she is separating out the red beads’; maysxmáysxna áwaƛ̓awiša naamína aniłáan ‘every day we pray to our Maker’; ku k̓ʷapɨ́n tiskayáyaan pániya ‘and he gave the aforementioned to Skunk’; áykɨnx̣anaaš inmína káłaan ‘I used to hear my grandmother’; átawax̣išapam túna mɨláan ‘you are smoking something bad’; ana kú patáwyašana Ímatalampa papúčni wánaan ‘when they were living at Umatilla in the midst of the river’. Also occurs after the kinship suffix -as and inflects pt̓ínits ‘girl’: paníya pt̓ínisaan ‘they gave it to the girl’; áykɨnx̣anaaš naamína nč̓ína nakákasaan ‘I used to hear our elder uncle’. See -na.

Bear, American black bear, Ursus americanus. See yáka. pawačá tanánma yáamaš tún anahúy anatúntya ‘the deer and bear whatever were people’. [CR & NE anahúy; WS also miyáwax̣; NP /yákaˀ/.]

Divorcee, divorced person. [NP tinúun /tnunn/; /hámatnon/ ‘divorced man’.]