Part of Speech: pronoun

Augment. For CR equivalent see -i. Most widespread in NW: ínk ‘I’; ímk ‘you’; pɨ́nk ‘he, she, it’; piimanák ‘them’; imínk ‘yours’; etc. With 2nd/3rd person accusative pronouns in NE: imaná(k) ‘you’; imaamaná(k) ‘you’ (pl.); imiinamaná(k) ‘you two’; paaná(k) ‘him, her, it’; paamaná(k) ‘them’; piinamaná(k) ‘them two’. Does not occur before enclitics (except for =sá): kʷáalx̣i ‘that same distance’ (Jacobs 1929:225:4; cf. kʷáalk ‘that long, that tall, that far’ Jacobs 1929:225:4). In all the dialects before =sá ‘alone’: ilksá ‘I alone’; lamaksá ‘we alone’; paalaksá ‘he alone’; etc. [Cf. Klamath -k (Barker 1963b:179).]

Versative case. Emphatic. pɨnmikaní iwínana ‘he went towards him’; imiinamikaní iwáynana ‘it flew toward you two’.

Instrumental case. Emphatic. kunam ím pánaknuwimta imikíin hawláaki apápki ‘and you will keep me with your heavenly hand’; tiičámna páˀiƛ̓ɨmx̣ʷix̣a pɨnmikíin púwiki ‘it covers the ground with its snow’; ku pináwšuwata pɨnmikíin wáwnakʷšaški ‘and she [the food] will get herself ready with her body’; pasɨ́nwišana imaamikíin ‘they were talking about you folks’; kúuš pináwšuwana pɨnmikíin qqaanáytki ‘thusly she got herself ready with her work’; isɨ́nwiya pɨnmikíin sɨ́nwitki ‘he spoke in his own language’; isɨ́nwiya pɨnmikíin ‘he spoke about him’; imaamikíin ƛ̓áax̣ʷ isɨ́nwiya ‘he spoke about you all’; imiinamikíin isɨ́nwiya ‘he talked about you two’. [NW -kínk.]

Instrumental case. túkin ‘with what?’; mɨ́łkin ‘how much (cost)?’; áwš míškin čáw aw kú wáytša ‘now then by whatever means I am not crossing’; míškin patmíyuša ‘what are they deciding?’; míškin iwá tíin ‘how with are the people’ (Jacobs 1929:176:19).

Ablative case. Emphatic. imikníin iwáynana x̣ʷayamá ‘the eagle flew away from you’; x̣ʷayamá iwáynana pɨnmikníin ‘the eagle flew away from him’; iwáynana imiinamikníin ‘it flew away from you two’; iwɨ́nptux̣tax̣nanam paamikníin ‘he could get you back from them’; iƛúpwaapaaša pɨnmikníin ‘he jumped away from him’. [NW -knínk.]

The aforementioned, that, he, she, it. Indeclinable. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n míimi pášapawinama naamímaaman nč̓ínč̓imaaman ‘the aforementioned who long ago had our ancestors come here’; ku pap̓ɨ́x̣ta k̓ʷapɨ́n ‘and they will remember the aforementioned’; ku k̓ʷapɨ́n ináktux̣ʷɨma ‘and he came back with the aforementioned’; ana tún iwá tkʷátat ana k̓ʷapɨ́n pániča čná tiičámpa naamíin aniłáyin ‘anything that is the food which our Creator put on this land’; ku k̓ʷapɨ́n šuyápuwin páx̣nɨmša ‘and the whiteman is digging up the aforementioned (bones)’; k̓ʷapɨ́n tanán ‘the aforementioned person’; k̓ʷapɨ́n tkʷátat ‘the aforementioned food’; k̓ʷapɨ́nx̣i ‘that same one’. [NW k̓pɨ́nk; Y also k̓ʷpɨ́nk.]

We alone. kuna wá lamaksásimk̓a ‘and next we are only alone’ (Inez Spino Reves, 1-10-97). See náma.

Quantity. kʷɨ́ł ‘that many, that much’; mɨ́ł ‘how many? how much?’. [Cf. NP kalá ‘that many, that much’; mác ‘how many? how much?’]