Part of Speech: verb

Causative. Distributive. šápč̓ɨmnayk ‘make bundles to give away’; šáplɨk̓ʷič ‘bury (distributive)’; šápni ‘ask’; šáptiyanayti ‘drive away’; šáptiyaynač ‘corral’; šápt̓ux̣ ‘stretch hide’; šápwaapaa ‘separate’. See also šapá-. [NP /sép-/.]

Causative. ku pášapatk̓ʷax̣aapa ‘and he had her walk between’; anam kʷɨ́nki pašapálaliwatax̣na ‘with that which they could make you lonely’; k̓úsi pašapáwayx̣tita ‘they will have their horses run’; kutaš ášapasɨnwix̣a tanánki ‘and we have them talk in Indian’; anam kú pašapátk̓ʷawaat̓wita ‘when they have you take the lead’; ku kʷiiní ƛ̓áax̣ʷ wáx̣wayčtna pášapayawaynašana ‘and that one caused the bridge to wash out completely’; pašapáˀawqalalaytix̣ana ‘they would make it roll along’; kuš išapáwašax̣ana k̓úsipa ‘and he used to have me ride on the horse’; kunam ášapawinanuuta kʷɨ́nki čalúkški ‘and you bathe him with that fern-leaved desert parsley’; patášapawawp̓kɨnx̣a ‘they cause them to hatch’; apam kʷɨ́nki išapáˀat̓ɨlpɨnx̣a ‘with that which it makes you crazy’; pašapáp̓x̣tax̣nanam paamanáy ‘they can cause you to remember them’; kutaš kʷná ášapax̣nišana x̣áwš ‘and there we were having them dig cous’; kutaš k̓ʷapɨ́n tímašpa pašapáwač̓akša ‘and they are having us put the aforementioned on paper’; kutaš k̓ʷapɨ́n išapáq̓inunx̣ana áq̓inutk ‘and he would have us see the aforementioned: look at him!’; amaš íkʷɨn šapáwaqitatašana ‘there where I was going in order to have you look’; maykʷáaniknam pášapakʷyamta imíin tamánwit ’cause me to believe your law the more’; X̣ʷaamayáyin miyánašma pášapawx̣ina kʷaaná tílaakina ‘Eagle made that woman lose her children’; pašapáˀaniya níit ‘they had [him] build the house’; šapáˀat ’cause to go out, milk’; šapáˀutp ‘put around shoulders’; šapákaƛ̓iyawi ‘poison’; šapák̓uk ‘gather up’; šapálatiwa ’cause to emit odor’; šapáluluk ‘nurse, breast feed’; šapáluluuk ‘make smooth’; šapalúun ‘put in water, soak’; šapáłkap ‘have arthritis’; šapámx̣šk ‘dye’; šapáq̓ič ‘tape on’; šapáq̓ɨp ‘put together, fasten, staple’; šapáq̓ʷłtik ‘rub off’; šapátkʷata ‘feed’; šapátkʷaynač ‘knock down’; šapáttawax̣n ‘grow, raise’; šapátwa ‘mix’; šapáƛ̓iip ‘break up’; šapáwakmuyk ’cause to buck, have rodeo’; šapáwala ’cause to flow, milk’; šapáwaaluuk ‘raise’; šapáwanp ’cause to sing the medicine song’; šapáwašɨmux̣ ‘put horse collar on’; šapáwaat̓ałak ‘flatten’; šapáwawk̓at ‘causing anger’; šapáwawya ’cause to whip’; šapáwina ‘send’; šapáwiyatk̓uk ‘straighten’; šapáx̣ʷłk ‘pull off’; šapačanptpamá ‘pliers’; šapáˀawqalayti ‘bowl’; šapataawaytpamá ‘ice chest, cooler’; šapátk̓i ‘show, display, performance’. [NP /sepé-/.]

Fish with a bone choker. šapáˀax̣čšaaš ‘I am fishing with a bone choker’ (Hunn 1990:122).

Pluralizer for imperative -k. See -tk. [NP /-t/; cf. Klamath plural imperative -at (Barker 1963b:51).]

Purposive. See -ata. [NP /-ten/.]

Future tense. áwnam ímč̓a wáta waníči ‘now you also will be named’; pawaníčtanam sɨ́kni ‘they will name you Síkni‘; kumaš ƛ̓áax̣ʷ níix̣ wɨ́šayčta ‘and all yours will become good’. Used in noncounterfactual conditionals: apam kú ttáwax̣ta kupam p̓ɨ́x̣ta ‘when you grow up you will remember’; apam kú tkʷáynpta kupam laˀák wiyáłamayčta ‘when you go hunting you might get lost’. Often with deontic sense: kunam íkʷɨn wínata ‘and you should go there’; qqaanáytapam ‘you should work!’; sápsik̓ʷatapam sɨ́nwit naamí ‘you should teach our language’. [NP /-uˀ/, future cislocative /-uˀkum/; Sahaptin future -ta is a grammatical extension of purposive -ta.]

To an extreme, in excess. náktamawn ‘carry to excess’; yáx̣tamawn ‘pour too much, spill to excess’. [NP /-tamáwn/.]

Desiderative, prospective. See -t̓a. [NP /-ˀpécwi/; cf. NP /-tet̓e/ ‘be about to’.]

Conditional. Abilitative (‘can, could’): tkʷátat paˀanítax̣na ‘they could prepare food’; pašapáp̓x̣tax̣nanam paamanáy ‘they can cause you to remember them’; anam kʷɨ́nki pašapálaliwatax̣na ‘with that which they could make you lonely’; kunata kú mayní ásapsik̓ʷatax̣na miyánašmaaman sɨ́nwit ‘and then some way we can teach the children the language’; čáwnam mún áwaawayčtax̣na kʷaaná wáašna ‘you can never run across that sacred ground’; ana kú čáw miyánašma pawínatax̣na súlcasyaw ‘when the children cannot go to the army’; iwɨ́nptux̣tax̣nanam paamikníin ‘he could get you back from them’; átq̓ix̣šanaaš paamanáy pawínatax̣na ‘I wanted them to go’; páyš iwínax̣amtax̣na káas čɨ́ni wánakni ‘if only the train could run on this side of the river’; átq̓ix̣šanaaš iwilawíix̣tax̣na ‘I wanted him to race’. Counterfactual conditional (suffixes to the verb in both clauses): páyšnaš wínatax̣na ‘if only I had gone’; páyšnaš wátax̣na x̣ax̣áykʷ inmípa apápa kuš kúuk q̓ínutax̣na ‘if I had the money in my hand then I would see’; páyšnaš wínatax̣na kuš átux̣ʷnatax̣na ɨwínatna ‘if I had gone I would have shot the deer’; kúuk itx̣ánatax̣nay tíin ku palaláay tkʷátat átx̣anatax̣nay ‘had the person stayed then there would be lots of food’ (Jacobs 1937:3.7.5, pg. 5). [NW -tax̣nay; NP /-oˀqa/, /-t-ˀaq/.]

Plural imperative. áwx̣anayčtk ‘stand up!’; íluktk ‘make fire!’; tamanáyčtk ‘sit down!’; wínatk ‘go!’; tkʷátatk ‘eat!’; wáawiyanawiyawamtk ‘come stop in for a while!’; wáatkʷatamtk ‘come eat!’. [WS -ti; NP /-tk/.]

Talk, speak. See -tɨmn. [NP /-tm/.]

Talk, speak. ayayáštɨmn ‘talk stupidly, rave’; hananúytɨmn ‘talk nonsense’; kʷyaamtɨ́mn ‘tell the truth’; łq̓ítɨmn ‘tease, banter’; tanáymutɨm ‘pray’; tk̓ʷíikʷtɨmn ‘speak honestly’; wɨlwɨ́ltɨmn ‘talk a lot’. [NP /-t´m/.]