168 results found

púun

Repeat someone’s words or singing, reiterate, echo at medicine singing, overpower, come over. ipúušaaš ‘he is copying me’; ipúušaataš ‘he is repeating after us’; ápuušaaš sɨ́nwit ‘I’m repeating his words’; papúušaataš ‘they are repeating us’; pápapuuša ‘they are mocking each other’; ipúušaaš sɨ́nwit ‘he’s repeating my words’; ipúuna táymu ‘he relayed his message’; anam túna ápuuna ‘something which you mimicked’; áwna ápuuša sɨ́nwit tanánmaaman kuna áwilwiyayita sɨ́nwit ‘now we are relaying the words to the people and we will deliver their words correctly’; ipúušaaš sɨ́nwit ‘he is repeating my words’; paˀaƛ̓áwiyayitanam anam túna ápuuša ‘they will plead for whatever you are echoing’; ačanam kú x̣tú iníša tún anam túna ápuuša ‘because whatever you are echoing is giving you something powerful’; kuna papúutata ‘they will go (there) to repeat us’; pápapuuša ‘they’re mocking each other’; sapúukasi ‘copy the words of another’. Usually does not occur with inverse pá-: ana túwin púušana tútawayšana ‘that which was coming over Tútawaysha’; ana piiní púušana láqayx̣it tiičámna ‘he who was coming over the land with light’ (from a song). [NP /wal´mqn/; /mssquˀye/.]

k̓ʷáalk

That which is long, that which is tall; middle finger. Also k̓ʷáal. k̓ʷáalk paˀaníx̣ana níit ‘they used to put up the long tent’; papátukɨnx̣ana k̓ʷáalk ‘they used to set up the long tent’; kuna wiyánawiša k̓ʷáalkyaw níityaw ‘and we are arriving at the long house’; nɨwítkni pawá awínšma ku pawá tílaakima wákacalkni ana kú paˀášɨnx̣a k̓ʷáalkyaw ‘the men are on the right and the women are on the left when they go in the longhouse’; aš kú inmí čáw wɨ́šayča pčá kuš wínax̣ana k̓ʷáalkyaw ‘when my mother passed away I would go to the long house’; pápatk̓ʷalst̓x̣a k̓ʷáalkpa ‘they got married at the long house’; áq̓inunx̣apam k̓ʷáalkpa níitpa ‘you see them in the long house’; kuna čikúuk ánayšɨnx̣a ača kú iwá áwtni papáču k̓ʷáalkpa ‘and today we bring it (the body) in because it is tabooed in the middle of the longhouse’; ttúušma pawá k̓ʷáalk ‘some are tall people’; k̓ʷáalk níit ‘long house’; tk̓unmí k̓ʷáalk níit ‘tule long house’; k̓ʷáal wáłxʷas ‘long tail’; k̓ʷáalk tánwat ‘giraffe’; kk̓ʷáal ‘long ones’. See also kʷáal. [NE k̓ʷaˀálk; NP /kuhét/ ‘long, tall, high’.]

kú

Definition:

Do.

Examples:

  1. ikú ‘he has done it’;
  2. pásc̓at áawat ikú ‘the fog has disappeared’;
  3. tk̓ʷíikʷ ikúša ‘he is doing it right’;
  4. kʷná pakúx̣ana ánč̓a núsux̣na ku k̓súyasna inmíma tanánma ‘there again my people used to catch salmon and eels’;
  5. k̓úpnaš kʷíya apáp ‘I broke my arm (or hand)’;
  6. ayáyatnam kú ‘you’ve done beautifully, congradulations’;
  7. húynaš ikʷíya ‘he couldn’t do it’;
  8. kúušx̣i pakúx̣a ‘they do it the same way’;
  9. kúuš pakúx̣ana míimi ‘thusly they used to do long ago’;
  10. kúušpam kúta miyánašma ‘you children should do thusly’;
  11. čáwnam mún kúuš kúx̣ana ‘you never used to do like that’;
  12. čáwpam čná tún wíkuta ‘you won’t do anything here’;
  13. cnísaan ákʷiyayik ‘do something for your sister!’;
  14. páyu ikʷíyayiya (paanáy) apáp ‘he hurt his (the other person’s) hand’;
  15. čáw pináwikʷayik núšnu ‘don’t pick your nose!’;
  16. yáyš ikú ‘he has done wrong’;
  17. páyu ikʷíya (pinmíin) apáp ‘he hurt his (own) hand’;

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čáku ‘pull’;

čápku ‘open a bundle, undo a braid’;

pákuk ‘copulate’.

[NP /ku/.]

naknúwi

Keep, take care of, look after. panaknúwitanam ‘they will take care of you’; súlcasma panaknúwišana čaaná tiičámna ‘the soldiers were taking care of this country’; aš kʷɨ́ł ánaknuwišana ‘however many of them I was taking care of’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n inaknúwiša walptáykaš ‘the aforementioned who are taking care of the songs’; ana kúuš nč̓ínč̓ima panaknúwišana čná tkʷáatatna ‘like the elders were taking care of the food here’; k̓ʷáy áwača pšatat̓áwas ana kʷná panaknúwix̣ana ƛ̓áax̣ʷ paamíin tkʷátat x̣yáw ‘that was their bag where they used to keep all their dry food’; kuna kʷɨ́nki ánaknuwitax̣na yáƛ̓pitna tiičámna ‘and because of that we can take care of the wetlands’; kunam kúušx̣i ím pánaknaknuwita náaman waq̓íšwit ‘and in the same way you will take care of our lives’; kʷná patánaknuwix̣a asúxna ‘they take care of the salmon eggs there’; kunam pinánaknuwita níix̣kisim px̣ʷíki ‘you should take care of yourself with only good thoughts’; kunam pánaknuwiyayita inmíma náymuma ‘and you will take care of my relatives’; čúušnɨmna inaknúwiyayiša náaman ƛ̓áax̣ʷ wáwnakʷšaš ‘water is taking care of all our bodies’; kúušx̣ina náaman inaknúwiyayiša wáwnakʷšaš čúušnɨm ‘in the same way the water is taking care of our bodies’; pápanaknuwitapam ‘you should take care of one another’; ana kʷɨ́nɨm inaknúwiyayiša náaman wáwnakʷšaš ‘that which is caring for our bodies’; iwapáataša pšɨ́tpa naknúwit k̓úsina ‘he is helping his father take care of the horse’; ana míš mayní naknúwit iwačá k̓úsimaaman ‘however it was to take care of the horses’; ača kú iwačá naknúwiyi šuyapumaamípa nč̓ípa ataymat̓áwaspa ‘because he was cared for among the white people in the big city’; naknuwiłá ‘keeper, care taker’. [NP /qícqn/.]

čí

Definition:

This.

Examples:

čítaš wá naamí tkʷátat ‘this is our food’;

čítaš wá naamí tiičám ‘this is our land’;

wɨ́npatam čí útpas ‘come get this blanket!’;

tún iwá čí ‘what is this?’;

iyáwaynaša čí ‘this is floating along’;

ana kúuš čí qawšqáwš iníya ‘the way he gave us this lovage’;

ana čí iwá púwi ‘this which is the snow’;

čína wá naamí tkʷátat ‘this is our food’;

kʷyáam iwá čí sɨ́nwit ‘these words are true’;

máan iwaníša tanánki čí ‘how is this named in Indian?’;

čí áwa tananmaamí tkʷátat ‘this is the people’s food’;

ƛ̓áax̣ʷ áwa wíwaniči čí tiičám čnamanłaamí ‘all this land of the locals is named’;

čikúuk ‘today’.

See more:

For oblique bases see čn ~ čaan ~ čiin.

[NW íči; NP /kí/, /k´n-/.]

-pa

Definition:

At, on, in a place or a thing.

Function:

Locative case. Attach to nouns.

Examples:

  1. ƛ̓áax̣ʷpa iwačá čúuš ɨščɨ́tpa ‘the water was on all the roads’;
  2. watx̣ɨ́n pawačá imaamípa ‘were they at your place?’;
  3. ittáwax̣na Ímatalampa ‘she grew up at Umatilla’;
  4. ačanam kú ttáwax̣na nč̓ípa ataymat̓áwaspa ‘because he grew up in the big city’;
  5. ƛ̓áax̣ʷpa iwačá čúuš ɨščɨ́tpa ‘the water was on all the roads’;
  6. náx̣š waníčt ipáyšta náx̣špa kʷná páx̣ałk̓ʷipa ‘a name will come out on that one Friday’;
  7. ača kú iwačá naknúwiyi šuyapumaamípa ‘because he was taken care of among the white people’;
  8. páwawšpa łamtɨ́x̣pa ‘he hit him on the head’;
  9. páwawyana pɨnmipáyn łamtɨ́x̣pa ‘he beat him on his head’;
  10. wínax̣anaaš náptipa nɨknípa ‘I used to go at two o’clock’;
  11. mɨ́łpan iwá nɨknípa ‘what time is it?’;
  12. k̓úycipa nɨknípa ‘nine o’clock’;
  13. čná tiičámpa ‘in this land’;
  14. yáƛ̓pitpa tiičámpa ‘in the wetlands’;
  15. páx̣atipa wáwtuktpa ‘on the fifth day’;
  16. tímašpa ‘on paper’;
  17. tkʷátatpa ‘in the food’;
  18. skúulpa ‘at school’;
  19. ayáyat q̓ínupa ‘beautiful in appearance’;
  20. níix̣ q̓ínupa ‘good looking’;
  21. inmípa wiyáx̣ayx̣tpa ‘in my daily living’;
  22. imaamipáyn tɨmnápa ‘in your hearts’;
  23. ánɨmpa ‘in winter’;
  24. wášani k̓úsipa ‘ridden on the horse, on horseback’.
  25. With nominalized verbs:
    1. ataš kú wiyákʷštikɨnx̣ana túpan łq̓íwitpa ‘when we used to do wrong in some playing’;
    2. k̓ʷíya iwá páyu núkšitpa ‘valarian smells awful’;
    3. at̓úk iwá x̣nítpa kápɨnki ‘it is hard to dig with the digging stick’;
    4. ƛ̓áax̣ʷ iwáta ayáyat q̓ínupa ‘all will be beautiful to see’.

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[NP /-pe/; probably a grammaticalized extension of PS *pe ‘be situated’.]

-nmí

Definition:

As genitive of composition or origin; etc. Belonging to someone or something.

Function:

Genitive case. -mí after a consonant. Attach to the end of a noun.

Examples:

  1. apɨ́łapł iišmí ‘leaves of the cow parsnip’;
  2. ilukasmí ɨstí ‘wooden needle’;
  3. k̓usinmí tútanik ‘horse hair’;
  4. mɨx̣ɨšmí x̣ax̣áykʷ ‘gold coin, gold piece’;
  5. nɨnɨknɨnɨkmí tɨmná ‘columbine seeds’;
  6. nusuxmí k̓úpaš ‘salmon back’;
  7. nusuxmí wáłx̣ʷas ‘salmon tail’;
  8. nusuxmí yápaš ‘salmon grease’;
  9. pipšmí wášɨmux̣š ‘bone necklace’;
  10. puušmí tmaanít ‘juniper berries’;
  11. p̓ip̓inmí wátisas ‘intestine rope’;
  12. tk̓unmí k̓ʷáalk níit ‘tule long house’;
  13. tk̓unmí tamátačay ‘tule mat table cloth’;
  14. kakyamaamí winanuut̓áwas ‘bird bath’;
  15. naamí tananmaamí sɨ́nwit ‘our Indian language’;
  16. spilyaynmí áčaš ‘buttercups, contact lenses’;
  17. šɨlɨmmí psá ‘cascara bark’;
  18. tanán waníčt tkʷatatmí ‘the Indian name of the food’;
  19. t̓ux̣t̓ux̣mí łławt̓áwas ‘rain gutter’;
  20. t̓ux̣t̓ux̣mí watám ‘rain puddle’;
  21. x̣ʷaamanmí púkła ‘eagle plume’;
  22. yakanmí nɨkʷɨ́t ‘bear meat’;
  23. áwa c̓áa náymu waničtmí ‘the name has a close relative’;
  24. pštmí áwa ‘it’s his father’s’;
  25. áƛ̓iyawiya winšmí pɨnašaamí x̣ɨ́tway ‘the man’s wife’s friend died’;
  26. Hawtminmí áwa waníčt ‘they’re names of McKay creek’;
  27. sɨknisɨ́kni áwa pát sɨt̓xʷsmí ‘yellow bell is hyacinth’s older sister’;
  28. k̓ʷáy áwa útpas čɨnmíin tiičammí ‘that [the snow] is this earth’s blanket’;
  29. ku čikúuk iwá šuyapunmí płɨ́x̣ ‘and today there is the whiteman’s medicine’;
  30. núsux ituníšana tananmaamí tkʷátataš ‘salmon went upriver for the people to eat’;
  31. čáw máan wínatay wayx̣tiłanmí uu k̓ʷáyk̓a áw waynałanmí ‘nowhere to go by car or plane’.
  32. Oblique human nominals are put in the genitive before oblique case marking:
    1. áwnam wínata X̣ʷaamayaynmíyaw ‘now you will go to Eagle’s [place]’;
    2. úykninam pinánaymuta naamíyaw aniłanmíyaw ‘even more you should relate to our Creator’;
    3. watx̣ɨ́n pawačá imaamípa ‘were they at your place?’.
  33. As derivational suffix:
    1. luc̓anmí ‘penny’;
    2. plašmí ‘silver dollar’;
    3. ttɨx̣šmí / ttx̣šmí ‘willow basket’;
    4. x̣apiłmí ‘knife’;

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[NP /-nm/; Klamath -(ˀ)am (Barker 1963b:32); Molala –ˀam.]

wí-

Definition:

  1. Intransitive:
    1. We, you all, they, indivisually do something.
  2. Transitive:
    1. Someone or some people do each of something.

Function:

Distributive.

Examples:

  1. Intransitive:
    1. túman pawíwača ‘what kind of persons were they each?’;
    2. pawítawyašana ‘they were each living’;
    3. ana kúuk pawíyawaanaynaka ‘when they each drowned’;
    4. ana kʷná pawíwiyaninx̣ana ‘where they each would travel around’;
    5. čná pawítawyanaykɨnx̣ana ‘here they would each settle down to live’.
  2. Transitive:
    1. máan pawíšapawinaša ‘where are they sending each?’;
    2. iwíˀaniša k̓pɨ́tki ‘she is beading’;
    3. kunam áwičač̓qta ‘and you will pull it apart in thin slices’;
    4. pawípax̣ʷišana tún ‘they are stealing each thing’;
    5. ana tún pawíˀaniša níit ‘each of whatever houses they are building’;
    6. ana kʷɨ́nki taxʷɨ́ski pawíˀanix̣ana ‘that dogbane with which they used to make each thing’;
    7. šuyápu ƛ̓áax̣ʷ iwíˀaniya níit níix̣pa tiičámpa ‘the whiteman built all his houses on the good land’;
    8. čáwpam čná tún wíkuta ‘you won’t do anything here’;
    9. míš pawímita ‘how will they do each [bad thing]?’;
    10. tkʷátatna wíwɨnpta ‘we should buy each of our foods’;
    11. čáwš áwišukayiša ƛ̓áax̣ʷ waníčt ‘I do not know each of all their names’;
    12. k̓ʷáyš kʷɨ́ł áwiwaničɨn ‘that much have I named each’;
    13. ku útpaski patáwitamaƛ̓mx̣ʷɨnx̣a ‘and they cover each with blankets’;
    14. kuna iwíniča maanmáan kutyana wá ƛ̓áax̣ʷ pánaymuni ‘and he placed each of us wherever but we are all related’;
    15. ku ƛ̓áax̣ʷ máan pawíšapawinayiša pípš ‘and wherever they are sending each of their bones’;
    16. čáwnam šína kúuš áwiwaničta ‘don’t call anybody those names’;
    17. ana kʷaamanáy pawíˀititamanayiša ‘each of theirs that they are studying’;
    18. kuna kúuk iwíniča ana máan ‘and then we buried each wherever’;
    19. ƛ̓áax̣ʷna pápawišuksa ƛ̓áax̣ʷ náymu ‘all we relatives recognize each other’.
  3. In derivations:
    1. ana tuntún iwá x̣nít túnx̣ wíwaniči ‘things which are differently named roots’;
    2. tkʷátat ana k̓ʷapɨ́n pawá tunx̣túnx̣ wíwaniči ‘foods which are differently named’;
    3. čáwmataš wá túna imaamíin čná wíkutay ‘you don’t have anything to do here’;

See more:

wíq̓ʷštiki ‘naked’;

wíx̣uwi ‘lace’;

wíyax̣ič ‘lay out, display’;

wíyax̣q̓ič ‘hang up (clothes, canvas, etc.)’;

wíwaničt ‘names’.

[NP /wí-/.]