-áł

Definition:

Without doing something.

---

Function:

Privative. Deverbative. Directly attach to the dictionary form of a verb without taken out -n to form an adjective.

---

Examples:

1. -áł after a consonant
   1. čak̓ʷlkáł ‘unchewed’;
   2. čuunáł ‘without drinking’;
   3. iix̣áł ‘unclean’;
   4. panaymunáł ‘cold, aloof’;
   5. payknáł ‘disobedient’;
   6. twanpáł ‘uncombed’;
2. -yáł after i
   1. lak̓ɨmiyáł ‘everlasting’;
   2. sɨnwiyáł ‘without speaking’;
3. -náł after a vowel
   1. tkʷatanáł ‘without eating, fasting’;
   2. wanáł ‘invisible’.
   3. ača čikúuk iwá at̓úk yáx̣t kútkut sapsik̓ʷanáł ‘because today it is hard to get work without an eductation’;
   4. šuwináł (shortened from šúwiya, could be a mispronunciation) ‘not learning from hard lessons’;

---

See more:

[NP /-ey̓éy̓/.]