7 terms are proclitics

i-

Definition:

He, she, it.

Function:

Third person nominative pronominal. Attach to the beginning of a verb.

Examples:

  1. iwačá ‘he/she/it was’;
  2. iwínaša pt̓íits ‘the girl is going’;
  3. iwiyánawiya wínš ‘the man arrived’;
  4. iwáp̓aša tílaaki ‘the woman is weaving’;
  5. iq̓ínuša wawúkyana ‘he/she sees the elk’;
  6. iq̓ínušaaš wawúkyanɨm ‘the elk sees me’;
  7. ku ipápaničɨnx̣ana ana mɨná ‘and they would bury one another anywhere’.

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pɨ́n (independent pronoun)

[NP /hi-/.]

Pronoun chart

kʷa=

Indefinite, unknown. kʷapáyš tiičám isɨ́nwitat̓aša ‘wonder if the ground wants to speak’; inmíkni tilamíkni pawačá kʷamɨ́łman ‘on my grandfather’s side were how many?’; ana kʷamɨ́łpan anwíčtpa kúušx̣i iwačá k̓sɨ́t čáw táy máan wínatay ‘in however many years was it similarly so cold not for going anywhere?’; kʷamíš máan míš ašwaníyama áw pawínana ‘somehow the slaves went somewhere’; kʷɨ́ni mɨ́ł kʷapačwáywit ku patáˀɨnna kʷaaná wínšna ‘from there maybe a few weeks and they told that man’; aw míš kʷaˀáw ƛ̓áax̣ʷ kʷná mayní čáw pawɨ́šayča ‘or somehow now in some way they all passed away’.

pa-

Definition:

they

Function:

Third person plural nominative pronominal.

Examples:

  1. pawá ‘they are’;
  2. patk̓ítana ‘they will watch us’;
  3. pawáašax̣ana ‘they used to dance’;
  4. ku kúuk pattáwax̣ta naamí tkʷátat ‘and then our foods will grow’.

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[NP plural /pe-/ is nominative without sensitivity to person.]

=pam

Definition:

You, yours, your. Plural.

  1. Subject:
    1. wášpam átaw ‘you are special’;
    2. áwpam wínaša ‘now you’re going’;
    3. čáwpam mún láakta imaamíin sɨ́nwit ‘you should never forget your language’;
    4. čáwpam mún kʷná łq̓íwita miyáanašma ‘you children should never play there’;
    5. qqaanáytapam ‘you should work!’;
    6. míšpam áwɨnta ‘how do you say it?’;
    7. čúušapam túna ana tún iwá čáw níix̣ ‘you are drinking something that is not good’.
  2. Object:
    1. pawɨ́nptapam ‘they will get you’;
    2. mak̓ípam kú iwáwyata ‘he’s going to whip you folks’;
    3. apam kʷɨ́nki išapáˀat̓ɨlpɨnx̣a ‘with that which it makes you crazy’;
    4. kupam kʷná iwáašuwiyayita k̓úsi súlčasnɨm ‘and there the army will hurriedly examine your horses’.

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imáy ‘you all, you guys’ (subject)

imaamanáy ‘you all, you guys’ (object)

=nam ‘you’ (singular);

imanáy ‘you’ (accusative singular)

[NP /-pem/.]

Pronoun chart

I

=naš ‘I, me, mine, my’.

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ín ‘I’

Pronoun chart

Indefinite

kʷa= ‘unspecified, unknown’.

Unknown

kʷa= ‘indefinite, unspecified’.