Part of Speech: verb

Causative. Diminutive distributive. sápilɨmn ‘make fun of’; sápk̓uk ‘gather up’; sapk̓úsi ‘cheat’; sápsik̓ʷa ‘teach’; sáptamaliln ‘investigate’; sáptklik ‘twist tules’; sápƛ̓ɨmux̣i ‘ground cherry, Physalis longifolia‘; sapxʷɨ́lkas ‘ring’; sápwaanp ‘echo (at medicine dance)’; sáwqaninn ‘roll around’. See also šapá-. [NP /cép-/.]

Function:

Present perfect.

Examples:

1. -š after the directionals:
   1. iwámš ‘he is coming’;
   2. iwačítš ‘he is going on’;
   3. kʷɨ́łnaš k̓ʷáy ínč̓a tɨmnanáx̣ɨnkikš ‘that much further also I have told the story’.
2. -š before an enclitic:
   1. wášna tanán ‘we are Indian’;
   2. álaaknayišnaš waníčt ‘I have forgotten his name’.
3. Deletes after a vowel:
   1. pawína ‘they have gone’;
   2. áw šnɨ́m át̓i ‘the thornberry has ripened now’;
   3. pakú ‘they have done it’.
4. Is realized as a lengenthing in the vowel of a final in or un (and sometimes an):
   1. áwx̣aš pináwšuwaan wíwnu ‘now the huckleberry must have gotten herself ready’;
   2. patk̓íin ‘they have watched’;
   3. iq̓ínuun ‘he has seen’.
5. Is realized as –ɨn after all consonant stems:
   1. áwna iwiláalakʷɨn ‘he has left us now’;
   2. čɨ́mti waníčt ipáyšɨn ‘a new name has come out’.
6. Occurs in hortative constructions:
   1. aš ín nána ‘let me take it’ (Jacobs 1931:125).

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[NP /-s/.]

On, upon. náša ‘make noise’; ničaša ‘be on, upon’; šápša ‘load, load on’; twáša ‘cook, boil’; wapáša ‘touch, feel’; wáša ‘ride’; walápaša ‘sit upon’; wáaša ‘dance’. See also -aša ‘on, upon’. [NP /-se/ (cf. /sépse/ ‘load’), /-ce/ (cf. /ten̓wece/ ‘speak on -behalf of’; /kal̓amkaca/ ‘deprive of food’); /-c̓e/ (cf. /tiic̓e/ ‘break wind upon’), /-c̓a/ (cf. /hóx̣alc̓a/ ‘roll upon’).]

Fish with a bone choker. šapáˀax̣čšaaš ‘I am fishing with a bone choker’ (Hunn 1990:122).

Pluralizer for imperative -k. See -tk. [NP /-t/; cf. Klamath plural imperative -at (Barker 1963b:51).]

Purposive. See -ata. [NP /-ten/.]

To an extreme, in excess. náktamawn ‘carry to excess’; yáx̣tamawn ‘pour too much, spill to excess’. [NP /-tamáwn/.]

Definition:

Want to do something.

Function:

Desiderative, prospective. Attach to verbs. Modern speakers of Umatilla usually use -t̓at̓a

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-t̓a

[NP /-ˀpécwi/; cf. NP /-tet̓e/ ‘be about to’.]

Conditional. Abilitative (‘can, could’): tkʷátat paˀanítax̣na ‘they could prepare food’; pašapáp̓x̣tax̣nanam paamanáy ‘they can cause you to remember them’; anam kʷɨ́nki pašapálaliwatax̣na ‘with that which they could make you lonely’; kunata kú mayní ásapsik̓ʷatax̣na miyánašmaaman sɨ́nwit ‘and then some way we can teach the children the language’; čáwnam mún áwaawayčtax̣na kʷaaná wáašna ‘you can never run across that sacred ground’; ana kú čáw miyánašma pawínatax̣na súlcasyaw ‘when the children cannot go to the army’; iwɨ́nptux̣tax̣nanam paamikníin ‘he could get you back from them’; átq̓ix̣šanaaš paamanáy pawínatax̣na ‘I wanted them to go’; páyš iwínax̣amtax̣na káas čɨ́ni wánakni ‘if only the train could run on this side of the river’; átq̓ix̣šanaaš iwilawíix̣tax̣na ‘I wanted him to race’. Counterfactual conditional (suffixes to the verb in both clauses): páyšnaš wínatax̣na ‘if only I had gone’; páyšnaš wátax̣na x̣ax̣áykʷ inmípa apápa kuš kúuk q̓ínutax̣na ‘if I had the money in my hand then I would see’; páyšnaš wínatax̣na kuš átux̣ʷnatax̣na ɨwínatna ‘if I had gone I would have shot the deer’; kúuk itx̣ánatax̣nay tíin ku palaláay tkʷátat átx̣anatax̣nay ‘had the person stayed then there would be lots of food’ (Jacobs 1937:3.7.5, pg. 5). [NW -tax̣nay; NP /-oˀqa/, /-t-ˀaq/.]

Plural imperative. áwx̣anayčtk ‘stand up!’; íluktk ‘make fire!’; tamanáyčtk ‘sit down!’; wínatk ‘go!’; tkʷátatk ‘eat!’; wáawiyanawiyawamtk ‘come stop in for a while!’; wáatkʷatamtk ‘come eat!’. [WS -ti; NP /-tk/.]