15 results found

Sahaptin

čiškíin ~ ičiškíin ‘in this language, in Sahaptin’.

Language

čiškíin ~ ičiškíin ‘in this language, in Sahaptin’.

Max̣máx̣s

A placename on the Snake River. Bruce Rigsby: “It’s Mex̣méx̣s in Tom Andrews’ Palouse Sahaptin.”

łq̓ám

Moccasin, shoe. walím łq̓ám ‘common shoe’. łq̓ám is more N Sahaptin, for Umatilla word see wɨłq̓ám.

čiškíin

In this language, in Sahaptin. Also ičiškíin. isɨ́nwisa čiškíin ‘he is speaking in this language’. [NP /ttooqat´mtki/ ‘in the Indian language’.]

mulá

Mule, donkey. Also limíil. [NP /mólaa/, /molaa/; from Spanish first into Sahaptin and then into Nez Perce according to Aoki 1994:456.]

-a

Function:

Present perfect.

See more:

NW Sahaptin. Suffixes to in and un verbs (Umatilla simply lengthens the in and un in the present perfect). See Table 18.

-pam

Gentillic. N Sahaptin, sometimes borrowed into Columbia River. pášx̣apam ‘people from Walla Walla, Washington’; Walawalapamłaamí ‘of the Walla Walla people’; X̣ʷáyłx̣ʷaypam ‘Klickitat people’. Umatilla uses -łáma. [NP /-puu/.]

ɨstíˀɨstins

Arrowhead, wapato, Sagittaria latifolia, “a root of the Columbia interior” (Jacobs 1931:102, 225), “no Sahaptin term known” (Hunn 1990:347). Also stínstins. [Y wáptu; cf. Y ɨstínstins ‘evergreen needle, icicle, railroad tie’.]

spílya

Coyote, Canis latrans. [NP /ˀiceyéye/, likely Shoshoni loan where the word for ‘coyote’ is based on a verb stem, ˀisa, meaning ‘to tell a lie’. Aoki 1994:1007. Sahaptin spílya appears to be a Salish loan.]

Wánapam

River people, Priest Rapids people, Northeast Sahaptins. áx̣twaynaaš wínšna Wánapamkni kutaš ayáyat pápasamx̣nana ‘I met a man from Wanapam and we talked to each other wonderfully’; Wanapammaamíyawnaš wínaša ‘I’m going to Priest Rapids’.

xaslú

Star. ana kú iwá c̓áac̓aa xaslú alxayxmíyaw ku ác̓aasa pɨnmíin háašt ‘when the star is close to the moon he is dying’. [Y x̣aaslú; NP /x̣c̓yu/; both languages may share a common root, *xɨs ~ *x̣ɨs, with Sahaptin suffixing -lu and Nez Perce /-ˀyu/.]

watx̣ɨ́n

Function:

Yes-no question particle.

Examples:

  1. watx̣ɨ́n iwínaša ‘is he going?’;
  2. watx̣ɨ́naš čúutata ‘may I go get a drink?’;
  3. watx̣ɨ́nam áwɨna nayáyasaan ‘did you tell my older brother?’;
  4. watx̣ɨ́nam ímč̓a tq̓íx̣ša ‘do you want [some] too?’;
  5. watx̣ɨ́nam ášukʷaša šína kʷná patámiča ‘do you know who they buryied there?’;
  6. watx̣ɨ́naš ínč̓a wínata ‘may I go too?’;
  7. watx̣ʷɨ́nam tamášwikayitax̣na sɨ́nwit ‘could you interpret for me?’;
  8. kʷawatx̣ɨ́n ‘could it be that?’.

See more:

[NE wát; other Sahaptin míš; NP /wét/.]

-ta

Definition:

Will do something, going to do something.

Function:

Attach to the end of a verb.

Examples:

  1. Future tense.
    1. áwnam ímč̓a wáta waníči ‘now you also will be named’;
    2. pawaníčtanam sɨ́kni ‘they will name you Síkni‘;
    3. kumaš ƛ̓áax̣ʷ níix̣ wɨ́šayčta ‘and all yours will become good’.
  2. Used in noncounterfactual conditionals:
    1. apam kú ttáwax̣ta kupam p̓ɨ́x̣ta ‘when you grow up you will remember’;
    2. apam kú tkʷáynpta kupam laˀák wiyáłamayčta ‘when you go hunting you might get lost’.
  3. Often with deontic sense:
    1. kunam íkʷɨn wínata ‘and you should go there’;
    2. qqaanáytapam ‘you should work!’;
    3. sápsik̓ʷatapam sɨ́nwit naamí ‘you should teach our language’.

See more:

  1. [NP /-uˀ/, future cislocative /-uˀkum/; Sahaptin future -ta is a grammatical extension of purposive -ta.]

tíla

Maternal grandfather; man’s daughter’s child. tíla ‘grandfather!’; natílas ‘my grandfather’; tíl ‘your grandfather’; íntil ‘my grandchild’; ímtil ‘your grandchild’; tíla ‘(his/her) grandfather; his daughter’s child’; natílasanɨms ɨ́nna ‘my grandfather told me’; natílasayin páq̓inuna ‘my grandfather saw him’; amaš šín wačá imíin tíla ‘whoever was your grandfather’; kúušx̣i inmí tíla ittáwax̣na Ímatalampa ‘in the same way my grandfather grew up at Umatilla’; čáwnaš mún q̓inúna tíla ‘I never saw my grandfather’; tilamí áwa ‘it’s his grandfather’s’; tílanɨmš iníya ‘his grandfather gave it to me’; tílayin pániya ‘your grandfather gave it to him’; tílapa iníya ‘he gave it to his grandfather’; iq̓ínušanaaš tiláp ‘your grandfather saw me’; áq̓inušanaaš tiláp ‘I saw your grandfather’; tilapmí waníčt ‘his grandfather’s name’; pínapu pawačá inmíkni tilamíkni ‘there were four from my maternal grandfather’s side’; mɨ́ł áwača x̣áyma natilasanmí ‘how many brothers did my grandfather have?’; áwača natilasanmí ašwaníyama ‘my maternal grandfather had slaves’; čí iwá ímtil ‘this is your grandchild’. [NE síla; NP /plq/; the deviant NE sound correspondence (s for t) suggests borrowing in Sahaptin: cf. Moses-Columbian ttíl̓aˀ ‘maternal grandfather’ Beavert & Hargus (2009:213).]