Steep; at the edge (Jacobs 1931:140). kúuk Spilyáy iwínax̣ana páˀay pšwápa ‘then Coyote kept going to the edge of the cliff’ (Jacobs 1929:225:17); páˀay číišyaw ‘by the side of or right next to the water’ (Jacobs 1931:230). See č̓ám. [NP k̓apác /k̓p´c/ ‘edge’; /háwtikam/ ‘steep ground, cliff’; /tiláwtoyam/ ‘edge of a cliff’.]
nɨ́pata
Go to get, fetch. ku pánpatata ‘and he will go to fetch him’ (Jacobs 1929:188:2); kúuk Spilyáy inɨ́patana ɨwínat nɨkʷɨ́t ‘then Coyote went to get the deer meat’ (Jacobs 1929:223:15); ánpatam ímpnuknan ‘come get your sister-in-law!’ (Jacobs 1937:3:4:3, pg. 4); nɨ́patak čáwaš ‘go fetch water!’ (Jacobs 1937:17.2.1, pg. 34). Also wɨ́npata. [NP /ˀnptén/.]
Mimic
Spilyáywi ‘act like Coyote’.
náx̣ašwi
Ask to go; challenge. Implies not a threat but persistence. náx̣ašwišamaš ‘I beg you’; pánax̣ašwiya áwna wínaša ‘he begged him to go along’; náx̣ašwišamaš umíštyanam míta ‘I’m asking you to go along, or do you have something else to do?’; Spilyáy ináx̣ašwiya pawilawíix̣tki ‘Coyote challenged [him] to a race’; ku ináx̣ašwiya pawilawíix̣tki wɨłq̓ámitki ‘and he asked [him] to go [compete] in a moccasin putting on race’. [NE náx̣išwi.]
náwnɨmx̣
Fix, do mechanic work. ináwnɨmx̣šana wayx̣tiłáan ‘he is doing mechanic work on the car’; x̣ʷɨ́łx̣ʷłna wɨx̣á pánawnɨmx̣ayiya Spilyáyin patíšpatiški ‘Coyote fixed medowlark’s leg with a little twig’. [NP /láwlmq/.]
Legend
walsáycas ‘Coyote story’.
máytamawawštaymat
Throwing food to the morning. Said by Coyote when he misunderstood some word in a myth.
Law
tamánwit ‘legislation, government, edict, ruling, proposal, right’; miimá tamánwit ‘traditional law’; spilyaynmí tamánwit ‘Coyote’s law’; šuyapunmí tamánwit ‘whiteman’s law’.
lɨ́k̓p
Blink, wink. ilɨ́k̓pa ‘he blinked’; álɨk̓pša áčaš ‘his eyes are blinking’; ilɨ́k̓plɨk̓pša ‘he keeps blinking, the car has its blinkers on’; ilk̓ɨ́pɨlk̓ɨpša Spilyáy ‘Coyote is winking’ (Jacobs 1937:31.15.5, pg. 74).
látamqatn
Lie on the back. kʷnák ilátamqatša Spilyáy ‘there Coyote is lying on his back’ (Jacobs 1937:31.13.1, pg. 73).
láqayx̣i
Shine. iláqayx̣iša álxayx ‘the moon is shining’; iláqayx̣iša ‘she is shining’ (the flowering of the root); ana kú iláqayx̣ita x̣áwš ‘when the cous will light up (i.e., bloom)’; ku kúušx̣i áqalaqayx̣ita pɨnmíin wáwnakʷšaš kúuk ánč̓ax̣i ‘and in the same way her [the cous’s] body lights up again [with yellow flowers]’; kuna kúušx̣i láqayx̣ita naamí wáwnakʷšaš ‘and in the same way our bodies will shine’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷ tiičám iláqayx̣iya ‘all the land lit up’ (when Coyote wrestled the dark); ílukški álaqayx̣ix̣ana ‘theirs would light up with a fire’; láqayx̣itx̣awn ‘shine through’; šapálaqayx̣i ‘turn on light’. [NP /ˀlakáaˀawk/; /ˀlakáˀwi/.]
Imitate
Spilyáywi ‘act like Coyote, copy or mimic others’.
k̓ʷalalí
Dangerous one. A being from the legend time capable of supernatural power and thus dangerous. k̓ʷalalínɨmpam iwɨ́npta ‘the bogeyman will get you’; k̓ʷaalí iwá Spilyáy ‘Coyote is a dangerous being’ (Jacobs 1929:232:18). [NW k̓ʷaalí.]
kʷíyaann
Go by. ikʷíyaana ‘he went by’; pakʷíyaana míimi ‘they already went by’; áw ikʷíyaan ‘he is going by now’; k̓úsiki pakʷíyaan ‘they are going by on horseback’; máysx ikʷíyaanta ‘it will be going by tomorrow’; ana kʷná šuyápuma pakʷíyaanta ‘where the white people will go by’; čikúuk pakʷíyaamša ana kúušx̣i náma ‘today they are coming by same as us’; ikʷíyaanx̣ana ‘he used to go by’; ku ikʷíyaana Spilyáy ku páwiyaq̓inuna ‘and Coyote went by and saw her’; pútɨmt ku páx̣at ikʷíyaan k̓úyciyaw ‘it’s a quarter to nine’. [NE kúyaann; NW kʷíita.]
kʷáyxʷi
Dip net. ku kʷnák ákʷayxʷiya Spilyáy ‘and there Coyote dip netted’ (Jacobs 1937:29.3.1, pg. 66).
kášk̓ululapn
Eat too much fat or greasy food, satiate oneself. ákašk̓ululapnaaš yápašna ‘I ate too much fat’; pinákašk̓ululapšaaš ‘I’m getting dizzy from overeating’; pinákašk̓ululaptanam ‘you’ll eat too much fatty food (Coyote said to the monster when threw a big rock into his mouth to fix it open – the rocks had deer fat on them)’. [NP /saˀáyn/.]
kákya
Definition:
Bird, animal.
The prototype animal is a bird, typically a magpie (áč̓ay).
Examples:
- tál iwá kskɨ́s kákya ‘black bug is a small insect’;
- áswan iwačá kákya ‘the bird was a boy’;
- paˀínɨmša kákyama ‘the birds are singing’;
- ƛ̓áax̣ʷna kákya pašúkayiša waníčt ‘all the animals know our names (especially the meadowlark [x̣ʷɨ́łx̣ʷł])’;
- kuna paˀáwx̣ta kákya ana kú pawiyánawita ánč̓ax̣i ‘and the birds will miss us when they come back again’;
- ƛ̓áax̣ʷ ana tún pawá kákyama ‘all whatever are the animals’;
- tunx̣túnx̣ kákyama ‘different animals’;
- kákyama pawá ƛ̓áax̣ʷ – wawúkya x̣átx̣at spílya ‘they’re all animals – elk, duck, coyote…’;
- sapx̣ʷninłá kákyama ‘crawling animals’ (saysáy ‘worms’, pyúš ‘snakes’, ámuš ‘snails’);
- waynałá kákyama ‘flying creatures’ (x̣ʷaamá ‘eagle’, č̓átaqš ‘bat’, atníwa ‘bee’);
- ánakʷi kákya ‘the thrown back creatures (from the Legend Time)’;
- tawyanaktpamá kákyama ‘farm animals’;
- tkʷátat kakyamaamíyay tkʷátataš ‘food for the animals to eat’;
- kakyamaamí winanuut̓áwas ‘bird bath’;
- támšɨlpi kákya ‘ladybug’.
-in
Definition:
Together with someone or something.
Function:
Associative case. Attach to nouns.
Examples:
- Requires plural subject or object verb agreement.
- pišíšin pawínašana ‘he was going with his aunt’;
- tútin wínatk ‘go with your father!’;
- wínšintaš wačá watím ‘the man was with me yesterday’;
- kʷnátaš ášx̣ana tiyawtášpa nax̣áx̣asayin ‘I used to go in that drying shed with my maternal aunt’;
- patáwyašana Wawatáwya Spilyáyin ‘Antelope was living with Coyote’;
- wiyánawiyaataš kʷiiní wínšin ‘I arrived with that man’;
- miyánašin pawá ‘she’s with her child’;
- ku aw kú patáwyašana káłayin ‘and then he was living with his grandmother’;
- kʷná patáwyanaykɨnx̣ana k̓ʷáy káłyin ‘that one used to live there with his grandmother’;
- pyápin payámx̣atwanaša pčápa ‘he with his older brother are crying after their mother’.
- With accusative:
- álaakɨnšnaš Johnna Janeinaman ‘I have forgotten John along with Jane’.
- Marks the ergative in the pragmatic inverse:
- ku kʷná čúušin pátwanana ƛ̓áax̣ʷmaaman ‘and there the water follows them all’;
- ku kúuk súlcasin pášapawinama čaaní ‘and then the army sent them here’;
- ku kʷaaná pátwanimta náx̣šin ɨsípin ‘and another younger sister will come following her’;
- ku káayk pákʷayix̣a kʷiiní plášin plɨ́splɨsin ‘and that snowberry cleans his (sore)’;
- kʷáal x̣ašta pánakwinana čúušin ‘maybe the water brought him that far’;
- ana tún iwá tkʷátat ana k̓ʷapɨ́n pániča čná tiičámpa naamíin aniłáyin ‘anything that is the food which our Creator put on this land’.
See more:
[NP /-iins/ (a grammatical extension of the possessive function of the past participle).]
ílukas
Wood, firewood, stick. paˀík̓ukɨnx̣a čúušpa ílukasna ‘they (beaver) pile wood in the water’; Spilyáy išnaawíya ílukasna x̣yáwna ‘Coyote looked for dry wood’; čáwš mún áwat̓ana ílukaski ‘I never whipped them with a stick’; ilukasmí aníyi ‘made of wood’; šáx̣ƛ̓ki ílukas ‘stump’; ilukasmí áwšnitš ‘wooden floor’; ilukasmí ɨstí ‘wooden needle (whittled from hardwood and used for sewing tule mats)’. [NP /hecu/.]
ílk
Stone helmet of legend. Today might refer to any type of helmet. páx̣at pšwanmí ílk áwača spilyaynmí ‘Coyote had five stone helmets’. See also q̓áłała.