Part of Speech: pronoun

Human plural. šíman ‘who? whoever, some people’; túman ‘what people? whatever people’; mɨ́łman ‘how many people’.

Locative. mɨná ‘where?’; čná ‘in this’; kʷná ‘in that’; -namáan ‘pertaining to’. See also -pa. [NW -nán; NP /-ne/, /-ney/.]

Us. Also naamanáy. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n nč̓ínč̓ima pasápsik̓ʷana náaman sɨ́nwit ‘the aforementioned elders who taught us the language’; ana kú itamánwiya náaman ‘when he legislated us’; kuna itamánwiyayišamš náaman łk̓ʷí ‘and he is legislating our days’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n iníya náaman hawláakni walptáykaš ‘those songs which he gave us from heaven’; čáwtaš náamač̓a paˀíƛ̓iyawita ‘they will not kill us also’.

Us. Accusative plural. Also náaman. naamanáytaš ɨ́nna ‘he told us’; naamanáysɨmtaš paníya ‘they gave it only to us’; naamanáyč̓a ‘us too’; laamalaksá ‘us alone’; naamanáysɨm ‘us only’; naamanáyx̣uš ‘us first’. [NE náaman; NW niimanák; NP /núune/ (exclusive); /kíye/ (inclusive).]

Ours, our. Genitive plural. čítaš wá naamí tiičám ‘this is our land’; kúuštaš pasápsik̓ʷašana naamíma nč̓ínč̓ima ‘our elders were teaching us thusly’; kúušnaš áykɨnx̣ana naamímaaman nč̓ínč̓imaaman ‘thusly I used to hear our elders’; ana kʷaaná pátamanwiya čná tiičámpa naamíyay ‘that which he ordained in this land for us’; áwtni iwá tkʷátat naamíyay ‘the food is tabooed for us’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n iwačá míimi sápsik̓ʷat naamíyaw ‘that which was the teaching for us long ago’; x̣ʷayamá iwáynana naamíkni ‘the eagle flew away from us’; naamí sɨ́nwit ‘our words, our language’; naamíč̓a ‘ours too’; laamiksá ‘ours alone’; naamísɨm ‘ours only’; naamíx̣i ‘ours similarly’; naamíx̣uš ‘ours first’. [NW niimí; NP núunim /núunnm/ (exclusive); /kíye/ (inclusive).]

Definition:

We.

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Examples:

1. kuna wá náma tanánma ‘and we are Indians’;
2. kʷnáataš kú ttáwax̣na ƛ̓áax̣ʷ náma ‘there then we all grew up’;
3. ana kú náma čáw wáta čná ‘when we will not be here’;
4. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n čáw náma šúkʷaša čikúuk ‘that which we don’t know today’;
5. kunata kúušx̣i námac̓a kʷná sápsik̓ʷata naamí miyánašma čná ‘and indeed just like there we will teach our children here’;

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Sometimes pronounced nɨ́ma.

lamaksá ‘we alone’;

námač̓a ‘we also’;

lamaksásɨmk̓a ‘we alone only next’;

namanák ‘both of us’;

námasɨm ‘we only’;

námax̣i ‘we similarly’;

námax̣uš ‘we first’.

=na ‘we, us, ours, our’ (inclusive)

=nataš ‘we, us, ours, our’ (exclusive)

Pronoun chart

[WS naamáy; NW namák; NP /núun/ < /newen/ < /nemen/ (exclusive); /kíye/ (inclusive).]

We both, both of us. namanákna wiyáanakʷa ‘we both left’.

We two. nápiintaš wiyánawi ‘we two have arrived’. See napiiní.

Us two. Accusative dual. napiinamanáytaš iq̓ínuna ‘he saw us two’; napiinamanáyč̓a ‘us two too’; lapiilamalaksá ‘us two alone’; napiinamanáysɨm ‘only us two’; napiinamanáyx̣i ‘us two similarly’; napiinamanáyx̣uš ‘us two first’. [WS napinamáy; NE nápiinaman; NW napiinininák.]

Ours, our. Genitive dual. čína wá napiinamí sɨ́nwit ‘this is our talk’; napiinamítaš wá ‘it belongs to us two’; napiinamik̓aláytaš wá ‘we have it for the two of us’; napiinamípa iwačá ‘he was among us’; napiinamíkni iwáynana ‘he flew away from us two’; napiinamíkan iwáynana ‘he flew toward us two’; napiinamíyaw iwáynana ‘he flew to us two’; napiinamíč̓a ‘ours too’; lapiilamiksá ‘ours alone’; napiinamísɨm ‘ours only’; napiinamíx̣i ‘ours similarly’; napiinamíx̣uš ‘ours first’. [NW napiinanmí.]

We two. Dual. Also nápiin. napiinítaš wínana ‘we two went’; napiiníč̓a ‘we two also’; lapiiliksá ‘we two only’; napiiníx̣uš ‘we two first’. [NW napiiník.]

Benefactive. See -láyk̓ay.

Intensifier, emphatic. níix̣niina pápaq̓inuun ‘it’s good to have seen each other’; kutaš naaminíin aníx̣ana wáswas anítay ‘and we used to make our own string for handiwork’; inminíinaš čí wá ‘this is really mine’; niix̣níintyana pápaq̓inuun ‘very good we have seen one another’; niix̣níintyana pápanakwaaša ‘very good we have danced with one another’; niix̣níintyana pápanaktux̣tax̣na ‘very good we could take one another home’; imníiki áw kúk k̓ínamta kú ášukʷata ‘do it yourself, then you’ll know how’; iníin ‘I indeed, I myself’; imníin ‘you indeed, you yourself’; pníin ‘he, she, it indeed’; inminíin ‘mine indeed’; iminíin ‘yours indeed’; pɨnminíin ‘his indeed’; naaminíin ‘ours indeed’; at̓išníin ‘overcooked’; x̣lakníin ‘too much, too many’. [NP /-n´k/.]

Them. Accusative plural. pašapáp̓x̣tax̣nanam paamanáy ‘they can cause you to remember them’; ana kú átamaynačta paamanáy naamíyaw wáwnakʷšašyaw ‘when we put them [the berries] into our bodies’; kuš ƛ̓áax̣ʷ áp̓x̣nayix̣a paamanáy sɨ́nwit ‘and I remember all their words’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷ páwɨnpayiša paamanáy ‘he is getting all of theirs’; sápsik̓ʷat paamanáy sɨ́nwit naamí ‘teaching them our language’; paamanáyč̓a ‘them too’; paamalaksá ‘them alone’; paamanáysɨm ‘them only’; paamanáyx̣i ‘them similarly’; paamanáyx̣uš ‘them first’. [NE paamaná(k); NW piimanák; NP /ˀimuuné/ ‘them, you (plural accusative)’.]

Theirs, their. Genitive plural. paamíin lákʷaškʷaš áwača ‘they had ashes’; k̓ʷáy áwa paamíin átaw ‘that is their precious [thing]’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n áwača áwtni paamíin ‘the aforementioned of theirs which was tabooed’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n áwača wiyánč̓i paamíin ‘the aforementioned who was their leader’; paamíin sɨ́nwit ‘their words, their language’; paamísɨm áwa ‘it is theirs only’; paamíinx̣uš áwača sɨ́nwit ‘the language was theirs first’; paamíinč̓a ‘theirs also’; paamiksá ‘theirs alone’; paamíinx̣i ‘theirs similarly’. With oblique cases: paˀaníya paamiláyk̓ay ‘they made it for them’; kuta patátamaynačta paamiyawáy ‘and they will put it inside them’; ɨmɨnɨwáyša paamiyawáy ‘he is being kind to them’; ɨmttúnwiša paamiyawáy ‘he is always talking to them’; ɨmúnaykša paamiyawáy ‘he is staying with them (his in-laws)’; iwɨ́nptux̣tax̣nanam paamikníin ‘he could get you back from them’; ana tún áwa paamíin kʷná x̣ʷáamični paamipáyn ‘anything that they have there above among them’; ana tún iwá tkʷátat paamipáyn tiičámpa ‘anything that is a food in their land’; paˀayáyanx̣ana paamikíin ‘they used to celebrate about them’. [NW piimínk; NP ˀiméem ‘theirs, their’; ‘yours, your’ (pl.).]

Him, her, it. Accusative singular. kʷná patáyax̣na paanáy ‘they found him there’; iwátišaša paanáy ‘she is putting [it] around her (someone else’s) waist’; k̓ʷáy iwá wínš aš paanáy áq̓inušana watím ‘that is the man I saw yesterday’; kʷaynítaš áwišɨnx̣ana paanáy k̓úsi ‘that way we would win the horse from him’; átwanayišaaš paanáy sɨ́nwit ‘I am following her words’; páyu ikʷíyayiya paanáy apáp ‘he hurt his (the other person’s) hand’; ana kú ákʷyamnayiša paanáy aniłáan ‘when we believe his the Creator’s [law]’; iq̓ínwayišana paanáy pšɨ́t ‘he saw his (the other person’s) father’; paanáyč̓a ‘him too’; paalaksá ‘him alone’; paanáysɨm ‘him only’; paanáyx̣i ‘him similarly’; paanáyx̣uš ‘him first’. [NE paaná(k); NW piinák; NP /ˀipné/.]

Locative case. mɨ́łpan iwá ‘what time is it?’; ataš kú wiyákʷštikɨnx̣ana túpan łq̓íwitpa ‘when we used to do wrong in some playing’; ku ánč̓ax̣i anam k̓ʷapɨ́n muláytta kunam ánkaštkta túpan síilpa ‘and again that which you will boil you’ll tie in any cloth’; mɨ́łpan iwá ‘what time is it?’.

Locative case. Emphatic. ana tún áwa paamíin kʷná x̣ʷáamični paamipáyn ‘anything that they have there above among them’; inmipáyn tɨmnápa ‘in my heart’; imaamipáyn tɨmnápa ‘in your hearts’; pawačá imipáyn ‘they were at your place’; imaamipáyn níčɨnk ‘put it in yours’; pɨnmipáyn łamtɨ́x̣pa ‘on his head’; imipáyn wiyaníntpa ‘in your travels’; ana tún iwá tkʷátat paamipáyn tiičámpa ‘anything that is a food on their land’; paamipáyn ‘among them’. [NW –páynk.]

Definition:

Them.

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Function:

Accusative dual.

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Examples:

1. piinamanáynaš ániya x̣ax̣áykʷ ‘I gave them two the money’;

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piinamanáyč̓a ‘them two too’;

piilamalaksá ‘them two alone’;

piinamanáysɨm ‘them two only’;

piinamanáyx̣i ‘them two similarly’;

piinamanáyx̣uš ‘them two first’.

[WS paamáy; NE piinamaná(k); NW piinininák.]

Pronoun chart