Part of Speech: second position pronoun

Plural. Marks possessor in intransitive clauses: wášmataš níit ‘it’s you folk’s house’; k̓ʷáymatašta kú wáta tímani ‘that of you folks then will be written’; kumataš wɨx̣á wɨ́šayčta payúwi ‘and your feet will become sick’; kʷɨ́nimataš wámš ‘yours are coming from there’. Marks action from 1st to 2nd person in transitive clauses: áwmataš wináanakʷša ‘I am leaving you now’; x̣ax̣áykʷmataš níya ‘I gave you guys money’; tamáq̓ičtamataš ‘I should hang you up’; áwmataš tx̣táymata táatpas ‘now we will trade you (sg.) clothing’; áwmataš ƛ̓áax̣ʷ ɨ́nna aš tún sɨ́nwiya ‘now I have told you all whatever I have spoken’. With the imperatives and hortatives: amataš átakʷtčatatk wawínɨmna ‘go pick the celery!’; kʷɨ́nimataš wánpš ‘from that you may sing’. [NP /-pemek/.]

Definition:

We, us, ours, our. (Including the listener)

Function:

Inclusive.

Examples:

1. Subject:
   1. ƛ̓áax̣ʷna wá pánaymuni ‘we are all related’;
   2. áwna átimayišana sɨ́nwit ‘now we are writing their language’;
   3. máanna wínaša ‘where are we going?’.
2. Object:
   1. čáwna mún payíkɨnx̣a tanánki sɨ́nwityaw ‘they never hear us speak in Indian’;
   2. išáptyanaytimana Ímatalamkni ‘he drove us from Umatilla’;
   3. aníyayiyana ƛ̓áax̣ʷ tkʷátat tanánmaaman ‘he made all the food for us Indians’;
   4. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n aníyayiya płɨ́x̣ ‘the aforementioned medicine which he made for us’.
3. Possessor:
   1. áwna wáyx̣tiša k̓usik̓úsi ‘our dog is running now’;
   2. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n naamí wá sɨ́nwit ‘the aforementioned which is our language’;
   3. k̓ʷáyna wá naamí tkʷátat ‘that is our food’.

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=nataš ‘we, us, ours, our’ (exclusive)

náma ‘we’

Pronoun chart

[NW =nan; NP /-nm/.]

Definition:

You. Singular.

Function:

Attach to the beginning of a word. Commonly attach to the first word of the sentence.^{new info}

Examples:

1. Subject:
   1. anam kú átalax̣itkta miyánašmaaman ‘when you discipline the children’;
   2. q̓ʷłtɨ́pnam wáta ‘you should be strong’.
2. Object:
   1. čáwnam mún payíkta ‘they will never hear you’;
   2. tkʷátatnam iníta ‘she will give you food’.
3. Inverse:
   1. k̓ʷałánam páni ‘glad you have given it to me’ (equals ‘thank you!’);
   2. maykʷáaniknam pášapakʷyamta imíin tamánwit ’cause me to believe your law the more’;
   3. kunam pánimta imíin q̓ʷłtɨ́pwit čná tiičámpa ‘and you will give me your strength in this land’.

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=pam ‘you, yours, your’ (plural);

ím ‘you’ (nominative singular);

imanáy ‘you’ (accusative singular)

For possessor see =maš. [NP /=m/.]

Pronoun chart

Definition:

I, me, mine, my.

Function:

Pronominal suffix. Usually attach to the first word of the sentence, or directly to a verb. ^{new info}

Reduces to =aš, =š.

1. Subject:
   1. wínašaaš ‘I am going’;
   2. kúušnašta áwɨnx̣a inmímaaman miyánašmaaman ‘thusly I tell my children’;
   3. áq̓inušanaaš ‘I saw him’;
   4. čáwš šína áq̓inuun ‘I have not seen anyone’.
2. Object:
   1. iq̓ínušanaaš ‘he saw me’;
   2. kúušnaš ɨ́nx̣ana inmínɨm nč̓ínɨm ‘my elder told me thusly’.
3. Possessor:
   1. k̓úsinaš wá ‘it is my horse’;
   2. lúnaaš inmí níit ‘my house burnt up’;
   3. inmíš wačá káła ‘I had a grandmother’;
   4. kuš wá waníčt Inez ‘and my name is Inez’.

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ín ‘I’ (nominative singular);

ína / ináy ‘I’ (accusative singular).

[NP /-(e)k/.]

Pronoun chart

Definition:

We, us, ours, our. (without the listener)

Function:

Exclusive.

Examples:

1. Subject:
   1. wínašanaataš ‘we were going’;
   2. čikúuktaš ásamx̣nasana ‘we are talking to them today’;
   3. kúušx̣itaš áwtni pamáwšuwanx̣a ‘in the same tabooed way we get ourselves ready’.
2. Object:
   1. kúušnataš paˀɨ́nx̣ana nč̓ínč̓ima ‘thusly the elders used to tell us’;
   2. isámx̣nax̣anaataš ‘he used to talk to us’;
   3. čáwtaš mún iwáwyana ‘he never hit us’.
3. Possessor:
   1. čítaš wá naamí tkʷátat ‘this is our food’;
   2. wínanaataš x̣ɨ́twayma ‘our friends went’;
   3. wačáataš wawyałá ‘we had the whipman’.

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Reduces to =ataš, =taš

=na ‘we, us, ours, our’ (inclusive)

=nataš ‘we, us, ours, our’ (exclusive)

náma ‘we’

Pronoun chart

I, me, mine, my. See =naš.

Definition:

We, us, ours, our. Exclusive.

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=nataš