Part of Speech: noun

Sibling-in-law of opposite sex after relating kin is dead. awít ‘leviratein-law!’; ínmawit ‘my levirate-in-law’; ímawit ‘your levirate in-law’; awít ‘(his/ her) levirate-in-law’; awítnaš wá ‘I’m (your) levirate partner’. See also pnúk. [NP /ˀawit/ ‘widow’.]

Abstractive. láx̣yaawit ‘tuberculosis’; mɨsámsawit ‘silliness’; nɨ́mnawit ‘truly, for sure’; sapat̓ax̣ináwit ‘measurement’; tananáwit ‘the Indian way’. See also -wit. [NP /-ewit/.]

Something to spread down, something spread out, mat, bedding, throw down mat, the “road” in a naming ceremony. ku paˀaníx̣a áwšnitš ku kʷná itútix̣a ‘and they make their mat and there he stands’ naamí áwšnitš ‘our (casket) mats’; nč̓utpamá áwšnitš ‘mattress’; ilukasmí áwšnitš ‘wooden floor’. [N áwšnikš; NP héewsil̓iks /héwsl̓iks/.]

Something that rolls around, roller. awqalilłá šapyášapya ‘tumbleweed, Salsola tragus‘ (an invasive species).

Wound. táˀawtaši ‘wound (vt.)’; tɨ́x̣ˀawtaši ‘wound an animal while hunting’; áwtaši ‘wounded’. [NP /ˀéewtees/; cf. /ˀehew/ ‘wounded’.]

Wound medicine, the wild ginger, Asarum caudatum.

Area to separate oneself when someone dies; wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata. Wild tobacco also called hutuhútu, tanán táwax̣. [NP /hotooto/.]

Canvas, curtain. [NP /sin̓lépsin̓lep/.]

Calf of leg, leg (from the knee down). [NE pɨtpɨ́tnu; NP pitpíluu /ptp´luu/.]

Heel (on foot or shoe). Also wɨx̣ap̓náy. [NE awx̣up̓náy ~ x̣up̓náy; NP /ˀx̣weˀít̓it/.]

Fish net, dip net, funnel net, dipnet webbing, net on the end of a pole. áwača aníyi taxʷsmí awx̣ɨ́t ‘their net was made of dogbane’; taxʷsmí awx̣ɨ́t ‘dogbane net’; awx̣ɨ́t núsuxay ‘dip net for salmon’. [NE nɨ́ptuwiš; WS áwx̣t; NP /teqeˀs/.]

Base of tree, tree roots. [NE ɨ́x̣š; NP /ˀqs/ ‘nonedible roots’.]

Dentalium or tusk shell, Dentalium pretiosum. ax̣šax̣šmí tamáwniki ‘dentalium cape’; áx̣šax̣š támqawit ‘dentalium braid wrap-around’. Also pronounced áx̣šˀax̣š. [NP ˀéx̣sex̣s /ˀ´x̣sx̣s/ ~ /ˀx̣sx̣s/.]

Place away from water, inland. Opposite of aláy. áx̣mi iwá ‘it is inland’; ku pawačá kʷná ɨmápa kúuk kutya aw kú áx̣mi áwača k̓úsi ‘and they were on that island then but then their horses were inland’; áx̣mikan iwínaša ‘he is going inland’; áx̣mikan wínak ‘get up from the water!’. [NP ˀáaqam, ˀaqám- /ˀaqm/ ‘above’.]

Warm Springs, Warm Springs Indian Reservation.

Person from Warm Springs, Warm Springer. ax̣miłáma ‘Warm Springs people’.

Personifier. Used with legendary characters. Spilyáy ‘Coyote’; cf. spílya ‘coyote’. See -yáy.

Function:

Benefactive case. Attach to nouns.

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Examples:

1. -ay after words not end with i
   1. čí iwá níčtay ánɨmay ‘this is for putting away for winter’;
   2. patiyáytša nɨkʷɨ́t ílax̣yawitay ‘they’re hanging up meat for drying’;
   3. tkʷátat paˀaníta ánɨmay ‘they will prepare food for winter’;
   4. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n pináwšuwata pačwáywitay ‘the aforementioned who will get
   5. kuna iníya płɨ́x̣ tútanikay ‘and he gave us medicine for the hair’;
   6. ana kʷaaná patáwaničɨnx̣a latítlatit káˀuyitay ‘that which they designate celery for the feast’;
   7. himself ready for Sunday’;
   8. x̣láknaš wá tímaš tímatay ‘I have a lot of paperwork to do’;
   9. ku pamáwšuwaša aw kú wɨšx̣ʷáamitay íkʷɨn ‘and then they are getting themselves ready for camping there up high’;
   10. anam k̓ʷapɨ́n pinátaatpasisana tkʷáynptay ‘that (with) which you were clothing yourself for hunting’;
   11. ku iwá ɨščɨ́t níix̣ wínatay ‘and the road is good for drivng’;
   12. čáwmataš wá túna imaamíin čná wíkutay ‘you don’t have anything to do here’;
   13. sɨ́nwittaš pamáwšuwaša sápsik̓ʷatay ‘we are getting ourselves ready for teaching language’;
   14. ača kú iwačá tamawɨ́n k̓sɨ́t wáyx̣titay ‘because it was too cold for driving’;
   15. ataš kú pamáwšuwata paanáy sapákiiktay wáwnakʷšašay paanáy ‘when we get ourselves ready for cleaning her [the root’s] body’;
   16. pax̣níx̣ana šáak támc̓itay ‘they used to dig onions for flavoring’;
   17. k̓ína kú c̓múy láwaalawayčta c̓múy nč̓útay ‘soon then our warmth will cross over for sleeping’;
   18. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n pináwapawaša wɨ́nptay waníčtay ‘the aforementioned who is dressing himself for getting the name’;
   19. čáw máan wínatay ‘nowhere for going’;
   20. čáw máan wínatay šimíin ‘nowhere for anyone to go’;
   21. wáswas anítay ‘rope for making’;
   22. tún płɨ́x̣ay ‘things for medicine’.
2. -yay after i.
   1. ataš mɨná áyax̣na naamíyay káˀuyitay ‘wherever we found it for our feast’;
   2. k̓ʷáy iwá płɨ́x̣ naamíyay wáwnakʷšašay ‘that is a medicine for our bodies’;
   3. tkʷátat kakyamaamíyay tkʷátataš ‘food for the animals to eat’;
   4. miyanašmaamíyay łq̓íwitay ‘for the children to play’;

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[NP /-ˀayn/.]

Knoll, small knoll. ayáampa ittáwax̣ɨnx̣a x̣áwš ‘the roots grow on the knolls’. [NP /k̓úxsn/.]

Woman. iwačá wiyánč̓i kʷná X̣ankú ku áwača áyat ásat ‘the chief there was Xankú and Asat was his wife’. See also tílaaki. [NP /ˀáyat(o)/.]