91 results found

-an

Accusative case. Suffixes to nouns with final vowel a. inákpaaša luc̓áan k̓pɨ́tna ‘she is separating out the red beads’; maysxmáysxna áwaƛ̓awiša naamína aniłáan ‘every day we pray to our Maker’; ku k̓ʷapɨ́n tiskayáyaan pániya ‘and he gave the aforementioned to Skunk’; áykɨnx̣anaaš inmína káłaan ‘I used to hear my grandmother’; átawax̣išapam túna mɨláan ‘you are smoking something bad’; ana kú patáwyašana Ímatalampa papúčni wánaan ‘when they were living at Umatilla in the midst of the river’. Also occurs after the kinship suffix -as and inflects pt̓ínits ‘girl’: paníya pt̓ínisaan ‘they gave it to the girl’; áykɨnx̣anaaš naamína nč̓ína nakákasaan ‘I used to hear our elder uncle’. See -na.

wiyánawi

Arrive, come. iwiyánawiya ‘he arrived’; iwiyánawi inmí miyánaš ‘my child has arrived’; kʷná pawiyánawiya ‘they arrived there’; pawiyánawiya Ímatalamkni ‘they arrived from Umatilla’; šín iwiyánawi ‘who has arrived?’; šíman pawiyánawi ‘who all have arrived?’; pmáy pawiyánawita ku paˀayáyata ‘they will arrive and have fun’; wiyánawišmaš pyáp ‘your older brother has arrived’; ku iwiyánawix̣a ƛ̓áax̣ʷ tkʷátat naamíyaw ‘and all the food arrives at us’; pawíwiyanawiša ‘they are each arriving’; wiyánawitnaq̓i ‘finish arriving’; wiyánawitux̣ ‘arrive back’; wiyánawiyawa ‘arrive at, visit’; típawiyanawi ‘arrive stooped over’; tíšɨmwina ‘scoot’; tútawiyanawi ‘arrive head first’; twáwiyanawi ‘arrive in the rain’; wiyanawiła ‘visitor, guest’. [NP /páyn/.]

=na

We, us, ours, our. Inclusive. Subject: ƛ̓áax̣ʷna wá pánaymuni ‘we are all related’; áwna átimayišana sɨ́nwit ‘now we are writing their language’; máanna wínaša ‘where are we going?’. Object: čáwna mún payíkɨnx̣a tanánki sɨ́nwityaw ‘they never hear us speak in Indian’; išáptyanaytimana Ímatalamkni ‘he drove us from Umatilla’; aníyayiyana ƛ̓áax̣ʷ tkʷátat tanánmaaman ‘he made all the food for us Indians’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n aníyayiya płɨ́x̣ ‘the aforementioned medicine which he made for us’. Possessor: áwna wáyx̣tiša k̓usik̓úsi ‘our dog is running now’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n naamí wá sɨ́nwit ‘the aforementioned which is our language’; k̓ʷáyna wá naamí tkʷátat ‘that is our food’. [NW =nan; NP /-nm/.]

táwya

Live, dwell, stay. kʷná itáwyašana ‘she was living there’; patáwyašana Wawatáwya Spilyáyin ‘Antelope was living with Coyote’; patáwyašana talyáy ku Wawatawyáy ‘Bug and Antelope were living’; ku aw kú patáwyašana káłayin ‘and then he was living with his grandmother’; áx̣ʷaynam táwyaša iłamípa ‘you’re still living at your mother’s’; ana kʷná čikúuk náma táwyaša čáw px̣ʷípx̣ʷini túkin ‘where today we are living not worried about anything’; ana kú patáwyašana Ímatalampa papúčni wánaan ‘when they were living at Umatilla in the midst of the river’; ku kʷná pawítawyaša ‘and they each are living there’; ku ana kʷná itáwyaša x̣ʷáami ‘and where she is living up above’. [WS nišáy(č); N nišáyk; NP /téw̓yen/.]

wána

River. ičúušana wánapa ‘he was drinking in the river’; áwayčɨnk wánana ‘cross the river!’; átx̣uša wánaki ‘he’s worrying about the river’; kʷná pawɨ́šayčɨnx̣ana papáču wánapa ‘there they used to stay in the middle of the river’; tmɨ́š ittáwax̣ɨnx̣a wánapa ‘chokecherry grows around the creeks’; pattáwax̣na wanapáyn ‘they grew up along the river’; ana kú patáwyašana Ímatalampa papúčni wánaan ‘when they were living at Umatilla in the midst of the river’; ku nč̓í wána iwínɨma ‘and there came a flood’; nč̓í iwačá wána kúuk ‘there was a flood then’; nč̓í wána iwɨ́šayča ƛ̓áax̣ʷ ‘all became flooded’; nč̓íyawš wánayaw wínaša ‘I’m going to the Columbia’; nč̓í iwačá wána kúuk ‘the river was big then’; nč̓í wána iwačá ‘it was the Columbia River’; nč̓í wána ‘a large river, high water, the Columbia River’. [NP /pik̓un/; /wéle/.]

Indian

tanán ‘person, Indian’; tanánma ‘people, Indians’; tanán sɨ́nwit ‘Indian language’; tanán tkʷátat ‘Indian food’; tanán waníčt ‘Indian name’; tanán wapáwat ‘Indian outfit’; tananáwit ~ tanánwit ‘the Indian way’; tímani tiičám ‘Indian reservation’; ɨst̓iyahá ‘Stick Indian, Big Foot, Sasquatch, Little People’; pšx̣úyit ~ pápšx̣uyit ‘Indian trade, wedding trade’; šaptákay ‘Indian trunk, parfleche’; twáti ‘Indian doctor, shaman’; Yúmtipin ‘Indian Lake (place on Umatilla reservation)’; anipáš ‘Indian potato, Claytonia lanceolata‘; anipašwáakuł ‘Indian lettuce, Claytonia perfoliata‘; kalamát ‘Indian pond lily, Nuphar polysepala‘; latítlatit ‘Indian celery, Lomatium grayi‘; nawinałanmí latít ‘Indian paintbrush, Castilleja miniata‘; sawítk ‘Indian carrot, Perideridia gairdneri‘; šyapɨ́špš ‘Indian parsnip, Cymopterus terebinthinus var. foeniculaceus‘; tanán táwax̣ ‘Indian tobacco, Arctostaphylos nevadensis‘; taxʷɨ́s ‘Indian hemp, Apocynum cannabinum‘.

tíla

Maternal grandfather; man’s daughter’s child. tíla ‘grandfather!’; natílas ‘my grandfather’; tíl ‘your grandfather’; íntil ‘my grandchild’; ímtil ‘your grandchild’; tíla ‘(his/her) grandfather; his daughter’s child’; natílasanɨms ɨ́nna ‘my grandfather told me’; natílasayin páq̓inuna ‘my grandfather saw him’; amaš šín wačá imíin tíla ‘whoever was your grandfather’; kúušx̣i inmí tíla ittáwax̣na Ímatalampa ‘in the same way my grandfather grew up at Umatilla’; čáwnaš mún q̓inúna tíla ‘I never saw my grandfather’; tilamí áwa ‘it’s his grandfather’s’; tílanɨmš iníya ‘his grandfather gave it to me’; tílayin pániya ‘your grandfather gave it to him’; tílapa iníya ‘he gave it to his grandfather’; iq̓ínušanaaš tiláp ‘your grandfather saw me’; áq̓inušanaaš tiláp ‘I saw your grandfather’; tilapmí waníčt ‘his grandfather’s name’; pínapu pawačá inmíkni tilamíkni ‘there were four from my maternal grandfather’s side’; mɨ́ł áwača x̣áyma natilasanmí ‘how many brothers did my grandfather have?’; áwača natilasanmí ašwaníyama ‘my maternal grandfather had slaves’; čí iwá ímtil ‘this is your grandchild’. [NE síla; NP /plq/; the deviant NE sound correspondence (s for t) suggests borrowing in Sahaptin: cf. Moses-Columbian ttíl̓aˀ ‘maternal grandfather’ Beavert & Hargus (2009:213).]

-kni

Ablative case. pawiyánawiya Ímatalamkni ‘they arrived from Umatilla’; pínapu pawačá inmíkni tilamíkni ‘there were four from my maternal grandfather’s side’; ača kú tmɨ́š iwiyáwat̓wix̣a ƛ̓áax̣ʷkni ana tún iwá tmaanít ‘because the chokecherry leads from all that is the fruit’; itináytšamš x̣ʷiyáytškni ‘he backed out of the sweathouse’; itiyánpa tílaaki miyuux̣míkni ‘he took the woman away from the chief’; kúuk ƛ̓áax̣ʷ pɨnmíin wáwnakʷšaš ápinawšuwanx̣a špámkni ánɨmiyaw ‘then all its body gets itself ready from autumn to winter’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷna wá pápanaymuni ana kúuš lɨ́xskni ttáwax̣tkni ‘we are all related to each other as from a single pedigree’; ičúuša wánakni ‘he is drinking out of the creek’; iƛúpwaaničanwiya pšwákni ‘he jumped off the rock’; k̓ʷáy iwá sápsik̓ʷat míimikni ‘that is the teaching from long ago’; inákpaaša luc̓áan mɨqɨ́škni ‘she is separating the red from the orange’; aw kú iwáynana x̣ʷayamá inmíkni ‘then the eagle flew from me’; x̣ʷayamá iwáynana naamíkni ‘the eagle flew away from us’; napiinamíkni iwáynana ‘he flew away from us two’; mɨ́taat x̣áyx̣ pačwáywitkni ‘three days from Sunday’; núšnukni tilíwal ‘nose bleed’. [N -knik; NP /-kn̓ik/; cf. Klamath -kni (Barker 1963b:188).]

-pa

Locative case. ƛ̓áax̣ʷpa iwačá čúuš ɨščɨ́tpa ‘the water was on all the roads’; watx̣ɨ́n pawačá imaamípa ‘were they at your place?’; ittáwax̣na Ímatalampa ‘she grew up at Umatilla’; ačanam kú ttáwax̣na nč̓ípa ataymat̓áwaspa ‘because he grew up in the big city’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷpa iwačá čúuš ɨščɨ́tpa ‘the water was on all the roads’; náx̣š waníčt ipáyšta náx̣špa kʷná páx̣ałk̓ʷipa ‘a name will come out on that one Friday’; ača kú iwačá naknúwiyi šuyapumaamípa ‘because he was taken care of among the white people’; páwawšpa łamtɨ́x̣pa ‘he hit him on the head’; páwawyana pɨnmipáyn łamtɨ́x̣pa ‘he beat him on his head’; wínax̣anaaš náptipa nɨknípa ‘I used to go at two o’clock’; mɨ́łpan iwá nɨknípa ‘what time is it?’; k̓úycipa nɨknípa ‘nine o’clock’; čná tiičámpa ‘in this land’; yáƛ̓pitpa tiičámpa ‘in the wetlands’; páx̣atipa wáwtuktpa ‘on the fifth day’; tímašpa ‘on paper’; tkʷátatpa ‘in the food’; skúulpa ‘at school’; ayáyat q̓ínupa ‘beautiful in appearance’; níix̣ q̓ínupa ‘good looking’; inmípa wiyáx̣ayx̣tpa ‘in my daily living’; imaamipáyn tɨmnápa ‘in your hearts’; ánɨmpa ‘in winter’; wášani k̓úsipa ‘ridden on the horse, on horseback’. With nominalized verbs: ataš kú wiyákʷštikɨnx̣ana túpan łq̓íwitpa ‘when we used to do wrong in some playing’; k̓ʷíya iwá páyu núkšitpa ‘valarian smells awful’; at̓úk iwá x̣nítpa kápɨnki ‘it is hard to dig with the digging stick’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷ iwáta ayáyat q̓ínupa ‘all will be beautiful to see’. [NP /-pe/; probably a grammaticalized extension of PS *pe ‘be situated’.]

-ata

Purposive. patátamanikatata ‘they will go plant them’; ášapalulukatak ‘go nurse him!’; iq̓ínwatax̣amšnaš ‘she comes to see me’; amaš áwaaq̓inwatak ‘go have a look at them!’; kutaš ánč̓ax̣i x̣ʷyáyčatata ‘and we will go sweat again’; áw ánč̓wataša pšɨ́t ‘now his dad’s going to go to bed’; pinátisx̣p̓itkatak ‘go comb your hair!’ ku pawínax̣ana patmaanítax̣ana tmɨ́šna ‘and they used to go to pick the chokecherry’; wɨ́npata ‘go get, fetch’. Reduces to -ta after a vowel: áwna łq̓íwitaša ‘let us go play’; čáwnam mún łq̓íwitata ana kʷná iwá tamicáwas ‘you should never go play where there is a cemetery’; paˀílax̣yawitax̣ana nɨkʷɨ́t kúušx̣i núsux kúušx̣i x̣nít ‘they used to go dry meat and salmon and roots’; paˀanítax̣ana Ímatalamyaw ‘they would go to Umatilla in order to make it’; ášapaˀatayitak lúlukaš ‘go milk (the cow)!’; patáwɨnpayitana tílaaki ‘they went to get him a wife’; ana pmáy pamáwšuwaša x̣nítatyaw ‘they who are getting themselves ready to go root digging’; tkʷáyta ‘throw, throw a spear’. Often occurs with a motion verb (such as wína ‘go’): wínašapam skúulitaša ‘you are going to school’; ku pawínax̣ana patmaanítax̣ana tmɨ́šna ‘and they would go pick the chokecherry’; wínanaataš x̣nítana ‘we went root digging’; kunam páyš wínata x̣nítata kʷaaní ‘and maybe you will go root digging in that direction’; kutaš wínata ánč̓a x̣nítata ‘and we will go digging again’; ačataš kú wínata x̣nɨ́mˀuyiyatata mɨtáłk̓ʷipa ‘because we will go do the first digging on Wednesday’; wáyx̣tix̣ana wɨ́npatax̣a aq̓uwitpamá płɨ́x̣ ‘we run to buy cough medicine’; kʷnáta kú patánakwinata xúlxulmaaman patátamanikatata ‘there then indeed they will haul the trout and plant them’. [NP /-ten/.]

Give. paníyaaš ‘they gave it to me’; čáwnam mún mɨlá sɨ́nwit šína ánita ‘never give mean words to anybody’; áwna ánita miyánašmaaman tiičám ‘now we will give the children land’; ním ‘give me!’; mɨ́ł paníša ‘how much are they giving?’; ináyč̓a ním ‘give me some too!’; ináyč̓a pánim ‘give me some too!’; pániya wɨłq̓ám ‘he gave him the moccasins’; pánitanam ‘you should give it to me’; iníyaaš x̣apiłmí ‘he gave me the knife’; iníšnaš x̣apiłmí ‘he has given me the knife’; tkʷátatnam iníta ‘she will give you food’; k̓áywaš iníya ‘he short changed me’; kaˀáamnaš paníya ‘they didn’t give me enough’; ku aw kú wínšin paníx̣ana tílaakina nápt wáptas ‘and then the man would give the woman two feathers’; ku ana šína paníša ku kʷiiní pánita paanáy čɨ́mti kápin ‘and to whomever they are giving it then that one will give her a new digging stick’; ku náx̣š k̓úsi aw kú iníx̣ana ‘and then he would give away one horse’; ku k̓ʷapɨ́n paníya Imatalamłáaman ‘and the aforementioned they gave to the Umatillas’; ku kʷná paníya tiičám Háwtmipa ‘and there they gave out land on McKay Creek’; iníšaaš tílaaki ína ‘he’s giving me his woman’; kuna iníya płɨ́x̣ tútanikay ‘and he gave us medicine for our hair’; ku k̓ʷapɨ́n tiskayáyaan pániya ‘and he gave the aforementioned to Skunk’; ana pmáy pamániyayišana waq̓íšwit čɨ́nki tiičámki ‘they who were giving their lives for this land’; čwáwni ‘give out extra food after a meal’; pšaní ‘give a bunch’; wapáni ‘hand out’; wáwaatkʷapani ‘move the right hand keeping time’; níyawštayma ‘reciprocate in ceremonial gift giving’; níyawtkʷi ‘give for going away’; níyi ‘given’. [NP /ˀni/.]