47 terms are suffixs

-t

Function:

Nominalizer (forms nouns).

Examples:

  1. In subject complements:
    1. k̓ʷáy áwa wɨ́npt tiičám ‘that is their buying of the land’;
    2. k̓ʷáy áwača paamíin pamáwšuwat ‘that was their getting themselves ready’;
    3. iwačá áwtni miyánašmaaman čáw nákwinat ‘it was not sacred to take the children’;
    4. at̓úk iwá sápsik̓ʷat paamanáy sɨ́nwit naamí ‘it is difficult to teach them our language’;
    5. ana míš mayní naknúwit iwačá k̓úsimaaman ‘however it was to take care of the horses’;
    6. ača kú iwačá wíyat náktux̣t čaaní ‘because it was far to take them back here’.
  2. In object complements:
    1. nayáyasayintaš pasápsik̓ʷana wášat ‘my two older brothers taught us to ride’;
    2. patmíyuna wanapáyn anít ‘they decided to make it along the river’;
    3. átq̓ix̣šaaš pyax̣ína tkʷátat ‘I want him to eat bitterroot’;
    4. iwapáataša pšɨ́tpa naknúwit k̓úsina ‘he is helping his father take care of the horse’;
    5. čáw čáw čáw iwá kʷná wiyák̓ɨnkt paanáy wínat ‘no, no, it is not there to block him going’;
    6. pamáwšuwaša wɨštáymat naamína pátna ‘they are getting themselves ready to meet our older sister’;
    7. ana kú pamáwšuwanx̣ana támayčt k̓ʷɨ́nčna ‘when they would get themselves ready to barbecue the pine lichen’;
    8. ačašta kú pɨ́nɨm ƛ̓áax̣ʷ išúkʷayišamš pináwšuwat ‘because he knows all the getting of myself ready’.
  3. With case marking:
    1. k̓ʷáyš kʷɨ́ł áykɨnx̣ana inmímaaman nč̓ínč̓imaaman sɨ́nwityaw ‘that much I used to hear my elders speak’;
    2. kúuštašta kú máysx pamáwšuwata wínatyaw ‘thusly in the morning then we’ll get ourselves ready to go’;
    3. čáwna mún payíkɨnx̣a tanánki sɨ́nwityaw ‘they never hear us speaking in Indian’;
    4. ku kúuk pamáwšuwanx̣a wánptyaw ‘and then they get themselves ready to sing’;
    5. ana pmáy pamáwšuwaša x̣nítatyaw ‘they who are getting themselves ready to go root digging’;
    6. paˀawítša ílax̣yawitay ‘they are slicing [it] in preparation for drying’. In compounds:
    7. itkʷátatˀuyiya ‘he began to eat’;
    8. itkʷátatnaq̓iya ‘he finished eating’.
  4. Before derivational suffixes:
    1. čáw máan wínataš ‘nowhere to go’;
    2. ayčtpamá ‘sitting place, seat’;
    3. šapaluluukt̓áwas ‘sandpaper’.
  5. With lexicalizations:
    1. láwaalaytt ‘smoke’;
    2. łq̓íwit ‘to play, game’;
    3. nákwinat ‘taking, to take’;
    4. sápsik̓ʷat ‘to teach, teaching’;
    5. tkʷátat ‘eating, food’;
    6. úyit ‘beginning, first’;
    7. wɨšpɨ́tn ‘sit up from lying down’;
    8. wánpt ‘to sing the medicine song, medicine singing’;
    9. wáwtukt ‘camping overnight, night’.

See more:

[NP /-t/.]

-ta

Function:

Attach to the end of a verb.

  1. Future tense.
    1. áwnam ímč̓a wáta waníči ‘now you also will be named’;
    2. pawaníčtanam sɨ́kni ‘they will name you Síkni‘;
    3. kumaš ƛ̓áax̣ʷ níix̣ wɨ́šayčta ‘and all yours will become good’.
  2. Used in noncounterfactual conditionals:
    1. apam kú ttáwax̣ta kupam p̓ɨ́x̣ta ‘when you grow up you will remember’;
    2. apam kú tkʷáynpta kupam laˀák wiyáłamayčta ‘when you go hunting you might get lost’.
  3. Often with deontic sense:
    1. kunam íkʷɨn wínata ‘and you should go there’;
    2. qqaanáytapam ‘you should work!’;
    3. sápsik̓ʷatapam sɨ́nwit naamí ‘you should teach our language’.

See more:

  1. [NP /-uˀ/, future cislocative /-uˀkum/; Sahaptin future -ta is a grammatical extension of purposive -ta.]

Past

Function:

-a (past tense). Attached to the end of a verb.

-tɨm

Definition:

Talk, speak.

Function:

Attack to verbs.

See more:

-tɨmn

[NP /-tm/.]

-tɨ́mt

Definition:

Language. Bound.

Function:

Suffix. Forms noun.

Examples:

  1. kʷyaamtɨ́mt ‘truth’;
  2. šuyaputɨ́mt ‘English’.

See more:

[NP /-t´mt/.]

=tx̣aw

Definition:

Most, ultimate. Forms nouns.

Examples:

kʷná x̣láktx̣aw tanán inišáyšana ‘most Indians were living there’;

kʷná mɨná x̣ašta iwačá nč̓ítx̣aw tíla ‘great, great grandfather likely was there somewhere’;

ana kúuš wapsúxtx̣aw áwača K̓amáyaqɨn ‘as their most wise was Kamaiakin’;

níix̣tx̣aw áwa ‘his is better’;

mɨlátx̣aw áwa ‘his is worse’;

ánaytx̣aw ‘the very last’;

x̣ʷáamitx̣aw ‘clear up on the top, all the way up, higher up’.

-t̓a

Definition:

Want, wish to do something.

Function:

Desiderative. Attach to verbs. Modern speakers of Umatilla usually use -t̓at̓a

Examples:

  1. As -t̓a:
    1. čúut̓a ‘be thirsty’;
    2. tkʷátat̓a ‘want to eat’;
    3. wɨšát̓a ‘want to lie down’;
    4. -pát̓a ‘desire, crave’. As -at̓a: ík̓aywakat̓a ‘want to outdo’;
    5. wáyčat̓a ‘go look for’;
    6. wɨ́npat̓a ‘want to cross’;
    7. wɨšáyčat̓a ‘want to stay’. With stem final n deleted: łúukat̓a ‘need to urinate’;
    8. q̓ínwat̓a ‘want to see’;
    9. šúkʷayat̓a ‘want to learn’;
    10. tíitat̓a ‘want to flatulate’;
    11. wɨx̣íyat̓a ‘want to lie down’.
    12. ku kʷyáam pašúkʷayat̓aša sɨ́nwit naamí ‘and truly they went to learn our language’;
    13. ku kʷaaná panáktux̣ʷat̓ašamš ‘and they want to bring that back’;
    14. pápaˀik̓aywakat̓ana ‘they wanted to outdo each other’;
    15. ku kʷná pawámšita ana šíman kʷná pawšáyčat̓ata ‘and whoever will want to stay there will buy on credit’;
  2. As -tat̓a:
    1. anítat̓a ‘want to make’;
    2. wínatat̓a ‘want to go’;
    3. x̣nítat̓a ‘want to dig’.
    4. ataš tún anítat̓aša ‘anything that we want to make’;
    5. ana kʷná patáˀanitat̓aša níit ‘where they are wanting to build the house’;
    6. ana túntya áw paˀanítat̓ax̣ana ‘whatever now they would want to make’;
    7. ana kʷɨ́nki paˀanítat̓aša tún ‘with that which they are wanting to make something’.
    8. paˀiƛ̓iyawitát̓ana kʷɨ́nik̓a ‘they wanted to kill them next on that side’;

See more:

[NP /-ˀpécwi/; cf. NP prospective /-tet̓e/ ‘be about to’.]