20 terms start with “x

xáaw

Separately. aníyayitanam tún tkʷátat xáaw ‘he will make some food for you separately’.

xalixáli

Canyon wren, Catherpes mexicanus. Also pronounced x̣alix̣áli. A bird that brings messages to snakes. Also taymúusya. So called because this bird sang a taunting song to rattlesnake, calling him pšná núšnu ‘shovel nose’ (Millstein 1990b). [WS yuulyúul; NP /cux̣éecux̣ee/ ‘wren’.]

xaluun

Root bound in sapáxaluut̓as ‘fish trap’; yáxaluut̓as ‘for soaking’.

xamsí

Bare-stemmed desert parsley, Lomatium nudicaule. átkʷatayix̣aataš xamsína hahán ‘we eat the top of the bare-stemmed desert parsley’; čáw mún ittáwax̣ɨnx̣a čná xamsí ‘the barestemmed desert parsley never grows here’; čáw mún pátamaniča xamsína čná Spilyáyin ‘Coyote never planted the bare-stemmed desert parsley here’; ašwaníya ‘mature stem of xamsí (Lomatium nudicaule)’. [Cf. NP /qámsit/ ‘fresh cous root, Lomatium cous‘.]

xaslú

Star. ana kú iwá c̓áac̓aa xaslú alxayxmíyaw ku ác̓aasa pɨnmíin háašt ‘when the star is close to the moon he is dying’. [Y x̣aaslú; NP /x̣c̓yu/; both languages may share a common root, *xɨs ~ *x̣ɨs, with Sahaptin suffixing -lu and Nez Perce /-ˀyu/.]

xawí

Ripen (berries), mature (roots). áw ixawíša x̣nít ‘now the roots are getting mature’; ixawíša wíwnu ‘the huckleberries are ripening’; ix̣awíša x̣máaš ‘the camas is maturing’; xawiyáł ‘unripe’; xawit̓ál ‘June’; xawíyi ‘matured, ripe’. [Y x̣aawí; NP /laq̓i/ ‘ripen (of fruit)’.]

xawít

Egg yolk. [NP /silo/.]

xawit̓ál

June. xawit̓almí áwawtuka uynáapt ‘it was June 7th’. [NP /ˀisl̓ál̓/; /tustimasát̓al/.]

xawit̓álxawit̓al

April-May. [NP /qaqit̓ál/; /ˀil̓ál/.]

xawiyáł

Unripe. xawiyáł tmaanít ‘unripe fruit’. [NP himísl /himsl(i)/.]

xawíyi

Ripened, ripe, mature (of roots). xawíyi iwá x̣áwš ‘the cous is ready’; xawíyi álxayx ‘May, June’. [NE xawiyí; NP /laq̓iyiins/.]

xáx

Maternal aunt. naxáxas ‘my aunt’. See x̣áx̣.

xaxílk̓k

Manroot, Marah oregonus. “A root that looks like a squash.” It was used as a horse medicine (for cuts), also for killing fleas on dogs, and as an eye medicine.

xípac

Bony, ribs sticking out. Of animals. Also xípaks. xípac iwá k̓úsi ‘the horse is skinny’; xípaks iwá músmuscɨn ‘the cattle are bony’.

xliwisá

Ant. ičánpaaš xliwisánɨm ‘the ant bit me’. [NW kluwisá.]

xɨstú

Freshwater clam. Also x̣ɨštú. [N siwáala; NP /seewiˀs/.]

xɨ́sya

Indian celery, Lomatium grayi. ttúušma patáwaničɨnx̣a xɨ́sya ‘some call it xɨ́sya‘. Compare Y x̣ásya ‘wild celery, Lomatium nudicaule‘ (Beavert & Hargus 2009). [CR latítlatit; NP /wew̓imn/.]

xúlxul

Generic fish, small salmon, minnows. ku kʷná patáwapawx̣inx̣a kʷáaman xúlxulmaaman ‘and there they release those fish’; asúxna patášapawawp̓kɨnx̣a ku kʷná patánaknuwix̣a kkɨ́smaaman xúlxulmaaman ‘they make the salmon eggs hatch and they keep the little fish there’; luc̓anmí xúlxul ‘goldfish’. [NW tkʷalá; NP /cuy̓em/.]

Xúmlay

Homly cemetery, a cemetery on the Umatilla Indian Reservation.

xɨwíis

Ravine. Diminutive ablaut of x̣ɨwúš.