Individuated object. Inflects certain verbal prefixes (e.g., compare causatives: individuative šapá- with distributive šáp-).
[NP /é-/.]
340 terms start with “a”
ašɨ́š
Navel, belly button; start of a basket. See also, sápwaasklikt ‘start of a basket’. [WS áš; Y ɨšɨ́š; NP sís /ss/ (one downriver speaker said, ˀéesis).]
-a
Function:
Archaic directional. Forms verb.
See more:
See -na.
á-
Function:
Obviative pronominal. The allomorph áw- occurs before vowels. Attach to the beginning of a verb.
Examples:
- Possessor of subject in intransitive clauses:
- ana kú áwat̓ix̣ana ‘when his would cook’;
- ku aw kú ápinawšuwana káła ‘and then his grandmother got herself ready’;
- k̓ʷáy áwa paamíin táwyanaykt ‘that was their dwelling’;
- ku áwiyatk̓uka sc̓atmí ‘and theirs was midnight’;
- ku áwiyanawiya x̣áy tiskayayanmí X̣ʷaamayáy ‘and Skunk’s friend Eagle arrived’;
- čí áwa tananmaamí tkʷátat ‘this is the Indian’s food’.
- Direct object in transitive and ditransitive clauses (when subject is 1st or 2nd person):
- álaaknayišnaš waníčt ‘I have forgotten his name’;
- áwišnaaš útpas ‘I won the blanket from them’;
- ana kú tk̓ʷíikʷ ásapsik̓ʷata naamí sɨ́nwit ‘when we teach them our language correctly’;
- čáwnam mún miyánašna áwawyata ‘you never should whip a child’;
- anam kú átalax̣itkta miyánašmaaman ‘when you discipline the children’.
See more:
[NW á-/áw- serves a broader obviative function; NP /ˀe-/; /ˀew-/ before /ˀR/ (R = Resonant).]
-a
Vocative. túta ‘father!’; íła ‘mother!’; tɨ́ta ‘child!’. [NE -aˀ (senior vocative); -a (junior vocative); NP /-eˀ/ (senior vocative); /-e/ (junior vocative).]
-a
Function:
Archaic indicative frozen in various suffixes. Forms verb.
Examples:
-aša ‘on, upon’;
-ata ‘go for a purpose’;
-awa (directive);
-ayi (applicative);
-ničanwi ‘down’;
-ničapa ‘in or into brush’;
-ničaša ‘on, upon’;
níyawštayma ‘reciprocate with money to one who is receiving a name and from whom a gift has been received’.
See more:
[NP /-e/.]
-a
Function:
Past tense.
Examples:
iwiyánawiya ‘he arrived’;
ataš kú ttáwax̣šana kuš áq̓inunx̣ana ‘when we were growing up I used to see them’.
See more:
[NP /-e/; cf. archaic indicative -a.]
-a
Function:
Present perfect.
See more:
NW Sahaptin. Suffixes to in and un verbs (Umatilla simply lengthens the in and un in the present perfect). See Table 18.
áš
Go in, enter. ášɨm ‘come in!’; áwnam ášta ‘you may go in now’; áw paˀášɨn ‘they have gone in now’; ku aw kú máal áša ‘and then he went in for a while’; ku čáw šín ášta ‘and nobody will enter’; nɨwítkni pawá awínšma ku pawá tílaakima wákacalkni ana kú paˀášɨnx̣a k̓ʷáalkyaw ‘the men are on the right and the women are on the left when they go in to the longhouse’; čáwnam mún ášta kʷná ‘you will never enter there’; x̣ʷiyáytšpa ášɨn ‘he has gone in the sweathouse’; ášapaˀašɨnk ‘let him go in!’; ku čáw šín ášta ‘and nobody will enter’; wáaˀašɨm ‘come in for a while!’; twáˀaš ‘go in from the rain’; ášawa ‘go in to, visit’; yáˀaš ‘flow in’; mɨšyúpa paˀašłá ‘earwig’ (Hunn 1990:313). [NP /ˀác/.]
ãˀ
Don’t, don’t want, leave me alone. Pronounced [ˀæ̃ˀ] (with nasalization), also [ˀmˀ].
áˀa
Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos. aˀanmí úšaytš ‘crow’s socks, big snowflakes’. [NP ˀáˀa /ˀaˀa/.]
aˀáˀ
Watch out!
áˀami
February. áˀami úšaytš ‘March’. [NP /ˀalatam̓ál/; cf. ˀaˀánm ˀicuˀyéeks ‘crow’s socks’ (“big flakes of snow that fall in late winter or March” – Aoki 1994:983).]
áčaš
Eye. áčaš ilɨ́mq̓iša pt̓ínits ‘the girl is closing her eyes’; spilyaynmí áčaš ‘buttercup, Ranunculus occidentalis; contact lenses’; šušaynšmí áčaš ~ nusuxmí áčaš ‘Munro’s or whitestem globemallow (Sphaeralcea munroana)’; kaluxmí áčaš ‘evening-primrose (Oenothera pallida)’. [Y áčaaš; NP /slu/; áčaš is probably PS *hék ‘see’ (cf. NP /hekn/ ‘see’) plus purpose nominalizer *-eš; cf. NP hekín̓es (/hekn-ˀes/) ‘in order to see, for seeing’.]
aałá
Claw. Jacobs 1929:178:21 See aasá.
ášam
Wife. ášam ‘wife!’; ínmašam ‘my wife’; ímašam ‘your wife’; ášam ‘(his) wife’; ášam áwiyanawi ‘his wife has arrived’; išánaša ášaapa ‘he’s jealous of his wife’; k̓ʷáy áwa ašammí ‘that is his wife’s’; áƛ̓iyawiya winšmí pɨnašaamí x̣ɨ́tway ‘the man’s wife’s friend died’; ášamin ‘married (of a man), married couple’. [NP /ˀwépne/.]
ašampat̓ałá
Wife wanter, one who loves his wife; adulterer.
áana
Oh! áana, áwna wá čɨ́mti čáynač ‘oh, we have a new son-in-law’.
ačašpamá
Eye glasses. išnáwiša ačašpamá ‘he is looking for his glasses’. [NP kicúuynim sílu.]
aasá
Nail, fingernail, toenail; claw (of birds, bear). yakanmí aasá ‘bear claw’; aałá ‘a big old claw’. [NP /ˀese/.]