Third person possessed (or unpossessed) kinship term. Also pi-. pšɨ́t ‘(his/her) father’; pčá ‘(his/her) mother’; pát ‘(his/her) older sister’. [NP /p-/, /pi-/; cf. the Klamath referential (nonvocative) kinship prefix b- (Barker 1963b:55)]

Appears in kinship terms with the ergative and genitive cases—mostly co-occurs with pɨ́n-. pɨ́npatpnɨmnaš iníya x̣ax̣áykʷ ‘his older sister gave me the money’; pɨ́nˀaycpnɨmš ɨ́nna ‘his younger sister told me’; pɨ́nˀɨsxɨpnɨmnaš ɨ́nx̣ana ‘his younger brother used to tell me’; k̓ʷáy áwa pɨnˀɨsx̣ɨpmí ‘that is his younger brother’s’; pɨnˀaycpmí áwa ‘it’s his younger sister’s’; miyánaš iwáč̓akša pčapmípa ‘the child is clinging on its mother’. [Cf. Klamath nominative kinship case marker -ap (Barker 1963b:54).]

Ergative/Accusative case. Suffixes to kinship terms. See -áp.

Door, gate, tepee flap, tepee door poles (there are two). ápak̓ɨnkɨnk pčɨ́šna ‘close the door!’; pák̓ɨnkɨnk pčɨ́š ‘close your door!’; čáx̣ɨlpɨnk pčɨ́š ‘open your door!’; pčɨ́š iwá kʷná ‘there is a gate there’; x̣ɨ́lpni iwá pčɨ́š ‘the door is open’; x̣áalp iwá pčɨ́š ‘the door is open all the way’; ana kú úyix̣a wánpt ku papák̓ɨnkɨnx̣a pčɨ́šna ‘when he begins to sing they block the door’; áwnaš ičáx̣ɨlpayišamš ína pčɨ́š ‘he is opening the door for me now’; ku iwá pčɨ́š wíwac̓aaki ‘and each door/gate is locked’; pčɨšpamá twá ‘the two long tepee door sticks’; pčɨšpamá čax̣ɨlpáwas ‘door handle’. [NP pískis /psks/.]

Mother. íła ‘mother!’; naˀíłas ‘my mother’; íł ‘your mother’; pčá ‘(his/ her) mother’; ku naˀíłas ku naxáxas paˀílax̣yawix̣ana k̓súyas ‘and my mother and aunt used to dry eels’; iq̓ínušanaaš naˀíłasanɨm ‘my mother saw me’; naˀíłasaan páˀɨnna ‘he told my mother’; naˀíłasanɨmš ɨ́nx̣ana ‘my mother would tell me’; naˀiłasanmí áwa ‘it’s my mother’s’; áq̓inušanaaš iłáp ‘I saw your mother’; iq̓ínušanaaš iłáp ‘your mother saw me’; iłaamí áwa ‘it’s your mother’s’; íłin páˀɨnna ‘your mother told him’; inmí pčá iwínax̣ana White Salmonyaw ‘my mother used to go to White Salmon’; aš kú inmí čáw wɨ́šayča pčá kuš wínax̣ana k̓ʷáalkyaw ‘when my mother passed away I would go to the long house’; awmaš kú čáw wɨ́šayča pčá ‘then your mother passed away’; miyánaš iwáč̓akša pčapmípa ‘the child is clinging on its mother’; áq̓inušanaaš pɨ́npčapa ‘I saw him and his mother’; pčíin páˀɨnna ‘her mother told her’; ku tílaakina miyánašna pásapsik̓ʷašana pčíin anít tkʷátat ‘and the mother was teaching a female child food preparation’; pɨ́npčapnɨmnaš ɨ́nna ‘his mother told me’; pɨnpčapmí áwa ‘it’s his mother’s’; pčałk̓ʷí ‘Mother’s day’. [NP /pke/.]

Man’s son-in-law; man’s fatherin-law. pšáš ‘father-in-law! son-in-law!’; ínpšaš ‘my father-in-law’; ímpšaš ‘your father-in-law’; pšáš ‘(his/her) son-in-law/ father-in-law’; pšáš áwa spilyaynɨmí ‘Coyote has a son-in-law’ (Jacobs 1937:33.5.1, pg. 83); čɨ́mtina wá pšáš ‘we have a new son-in-law’. [NP /pses/.]

Distributive. pakúuk ‘sometimes’; pálaxsim ‘seldom’; pamáan ‘in every direction’; pamún ‘sometimes, now and then’; pánax̣š ‘sometimes’; papáču ‘middle, between’; patún ‘things’; patúnx̣ ‘differences’; palɨxsíks ‘widow or widower during the time of mourning’; nápt áwača níit pakʷaalpáyn ‘they had two houses that far along each side’. [NP /pe-/ (causes germination in some following consonants).]

Locative case. ƛ̓áax̣ʷpa iwačá čúuš ɨščɨ́tpa ‘the water was on all the roads’; watx̣ɨ́n pawačá imaamípa ‘were they at your place?’; ittáwax̣na Ímatalampa ‘she grew up at Umatilla’; ačanam kú ttáwax̣na nč̓ípa ataymat̓áwaspa ‘because he grew up in the big city’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷpa iwačá čúuš ɨščɨ́tpa ‘the water was on all the roads’; náx̣š waníčt ipáyšta náx̣špa kʷná páx̣ałk̓ʷipa ‘a name will come out on that one Friday’; ača kú iwačá naknúwiyi šuyapumaamípa ‘because he was taken care of among the white people’; páwawšpa łamtɨ́x̣pa ‘he hit him on the head’; páwawyana pɨnmipáyn łamtɨ́x̣pa ‘he beat him on his head’; wínax̣anaaš náptipa nɨknípa ‘I used to go at two o’clock’; mɨ́łpan iwá nɨknípa ‘what time is it?’; k̓úycipa nɨknípa ‘nine o’clock’; čná tiičámpa ‘in this land’; yáƛ̓pitpa tiičámpa ‘in the wetlands’; páx̣atipa wáwtuktpa ‘on the fifth day’; tímašpa ‘on paper’; tkʷátatpa ‘in the food’; skúulpa ‘at school’; ayáyat q̓ínupa ‘beautiful in appearance’; níix̣ q̓ínupa ‘good looking’; inmípa wiyáx̣ayx̣tpa ‘in my daily living’; imaamipáyn tɨmnápa ‘in your hearts’; ánɨmpa ‘in winter’; wášani k̓úsipa ‘ridden on the horse, on horseback’. With nominalized verbs: ataš kú wiyákʷštikɨnx̣ana túpan łq̓íwitpa ‘when we used to do wrong in some playing’; k̓ʷíya iwá páyu núkšitpa ‘valarian smells awful’; at̓úk iwá x̣nítpa kápɨnki ‘it is hard to dig with the digging stick’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷ iwáta ayáyat q̓ínupa ‘all will be beautiful to see’. [NP /-pe/; probably a grammaticalized extension of PS *pe ‘be situated’.]

Accusative case. Inflects kinship terms when a 3rd person possessor is coreferential with subject. tílaaki iq̓ínuna pšɨ́tpa ‘the woman saw her father’; ku ɨ́nna káłapa ‘and he said to his grandmother’; ku ɨ́nx̣ana x̣áypa ‘and he would say to his friend’; pímx̣pa isík̓ʷatana ‘he went to show his uncle’. Assimilates to stem final p: iq̓ínuša pyápa ‘he sees his older brother’; ɨsípa iq̓ínušana ‘she saw her little sister’. [Perhaps an extension of the locative -pa; cf. also ergative/accusative -áp.]