1,050 term start with “t

-t

Nominalizer. In subject complements: k̓ʷáy áwa wɨ́npt tiičám ‘that is their buying of the land’; k̓ʷáy áwača paamíin pamáwšuwat ‘that was their getting themselves ready’; iwačá áwtni miyánašmaaman čáw nákwinat ‘it was not sacred to take the children’; at̓úk iwá sápsik̓ʷat paamanáy sɨ́nwit naamí ‘it is difficult to teach them our language’; ana míš mayní naknúwit iwačá k̓úsimaaman ‘however it was to take care of the horses’; ača kú iwačá wíyat náktux̣t čaaní ‘because it was far to take them back here’. In object complements: nayáyasayintaš pasápsik̓ʷana wášat ‘my two older brothers taught us to ride’; patmíyuna wanapáyn anít ‘they decided to make it along the river’; átq̓ix̣šaaš pyax̣ína tkʷátat ‘I want him to eat bitterroot’; iwapáataša pšɨ́tpa naknúwit k̓úsina ‘he is helping his father take care of the horse’; čáw čáw čáw iwá kʷná wiyák̓ɨnkt paanáy wínat ‘no, no, it is not there to block him going’; pamáwšuwaša wɨštáymat naamína pátna ‘they are getting themselves ready to meet our older sister’; ana kú pamáwšuwanx̣ana támayčt k̓ʷɨ́nčna ‘when they would get themselves ready to barbecue the pine lichen’; ačašta kú pɨ́nɨm ƛ̓áax̣ʷ išúkʷayišamš pináwšuwat ‘because he knows all the getting of myself ready’. With case marking: k̓ʷáyš kʷɨ́ł áykɨnx̣ana inmímaaman nč̓ínč̓imaaman sɨ́nwityaw ‘that much I used to hear my elders speak’; kúuštašta kú máysx pamáwšuwata wínatyaw ‘thusly in the morning then we’ll get ourselves ready to go’; čáwna mún payíkɨnx̣a tanánki sɨ́nwityaw ‘they never hear us speaking in Indian’; ku kúuk pamáwšuwanx̣a wánptyaw ‘and then they get themselves ready to sing’; ana pmáy pamáwšuwaša x̣nítatyaw ‘they who are getting themselves ready to go root digging’; paˀawítša ílax̣yawitay ‘they are slicing [it] in preparation for drying’. In compounds: itkʷátatˀuyiya ‘he began to eat’; itkʷátatnaq̓iya ‘he finished eating’. Before derivational suffixes: čáw máan wínataš ‘nowhere to go’; ayčtpamá ‘sitting place, seat’; šapaluluukt̓áwas ‘sandpaper’. With lexicalizations: láwaalaytt ‘smoke’; łq̓íwit ‘to play, game’; nákwinat ‘taking, to take’; sápsik̓ʷat ‘to teach, teaching’; tkʷátat ‘eating, food’; úyit ‘beginning, first’; wɨšpɨ́tn ‘sit up from lying down’; wánpt ‘to sing the medicine song, medicine singing’; wáwtukt ‘camping overnight, night’. [NP /-t/.]

-t

Nonhuman numeral classifier. nápt ‘two’; mɨ́taat ‘three’; pínapt ‘four’; páx̣at ‘five’. The nonhuman classifier is the default classifier. It might also occur when it is not deemed relevant to mark for humanness. For the human numeral classifier see -u. [NP /-t(i)/.]

-t

Pluralizer for imperative -k. See -tk. [NP /-t/; cf. Klamath plural imperative -at (Barker 1963b:51).]

tčɨ́š

Hip; tepee tie poles (there are three, sometimes four). [NP /tks/.]

Be situated. Inanimate. Bound. páta ‘be situated (individuative)’; ptá ‘be situated (distributive)’; pɨ́taa ‘grow’; pátaš ‘something standing upright, feather in the hair’; pátasi ‘quail’; pátaat ‘tree’; pɨ́taat ‘trees’; táa ‘put in’. See also tún. [NP /ten/ (Aoki 1994:703), bound in /ˀnépten/ ‘have, hold, rule over’; /ˀseepten/ ‘stand with a load’; /táwtan/ ‘be in bed, be asleep’; and possibly /te/ (Aoki 1994:703) in /ˀpete/ ‘be in a sheath’; /ˀ´te/ ‘put in’; /súlkete/ ‘hang down’; /tkʷéyte/ ‘throw’.]

tá-

Striking. táˀawtaši ‘wound with an arrow’; tákʷtč ‘pull weeds’; ták̓ʷič ‘pull apart’; tanáymutɨmn ‘pray’; tánšk ‘light a fire, burn’; tápatuk ‘fish with a set net’; táqawqin ’cause to fall (of a sickness)’; táq̓p ‘chinch’; táq̓ʷɨx̣ ‘chipped’; tášq̓k ‘strip feather from its spine’; táwa ‘pierce, stab, roast on a spit from the side’; táwaasklikt ‘stick used in stick game’; táwayč ‘weave the dipnet’; táwq̓x̣n ‘put about the neck’; táx̣uup ‘pull a plant to cause a weather change’; táax̣ʷa ‘announce, signal’; tanínš ‘arrowhead’. [NP /te-/.]

-ta

Purposive. See -ata. [NP /-ten/.]

-ta

Future tense. áwnam ímč̓a wáta waníči ‘now you also will be named’; pawaníčtanam sɨ́kni ‘they will name you Síkni‘; kumaš ƛ̓áax̣ʷ níix̣ wɨ́šayčta ‘and all yours will become good’. Used in noncounterfactual conditionals: apam kú ttáwax̣ta kupam p̓ɨ́x̣ta ‘when you grow up you will remember’; apam kú tkʷáynpta kupam laˀák wiyáłamayčta ‘when you go hunting you might get lost’. Often with deontic sense: kunam íkʷɨn wínata ‘and you should go there’; qqaanáytapam ‘you should work!’; sápsik̓ʷatapam sɨ́nwit naamí ‘you should teach our language’. [NP /-uˀ/, future cislocative /-uˀkum/; Sahaptin future -ta is a grammatical extension of purposive -ta.]

=ta

2nd position modal. Expression of certainty. kutašta máysx pamáwšuwata ‘and indeed we will get ourselves ready tomorrow’; kʷaanáta kú k̓ʷapɨ́n itwánana pt̓íic ‘the aforementioned girl indeed then followed that’; kúušnašta áwɨnx̣a inmímaaman miyánašmaaman ‘thusly indeed I tell my child’; kʷata kú míš iwá níix̣ aw míšk̓a iwá mɨlá ‘and then for sure wonder whether it is good or whether it is bad’; kʷata kú míš pasápsik̓ʷasa ‘and then indeed they are teaching however’; kʷata kú míš ku pap̓ɨ́x̣ta kʷaaná ana k̓ʷapɨ́n wá naamí tamánwit čná tiičámpa ‘and then indeed somehow they will remember that which is our law in this land’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷ patáwyanayka Háwtmipa ašta kʷná kúuš ín wá áx̣ʷay ‘they all settled down on McKay Creek where indeed I am like that still today’; kunata kʷaaná ák̓ʷałanawax̣a ‘and indeed we are glad for that’; kunata kúušx̣i námač̓a kʷná sápsik̓ʷata naamí miyánašma ‘and in the very same way we also will teach our children there’; kunamta ičáx̣ɨlpawamta anam kú čɨ́ni iwínata náx̣šyaw hawláakyaw tiičámyaw ‘and indeed he will open it to you when you go from here to a spirit land’; kunamta kʷná wiyánax̣tita imikíin qqaanáytki ‘and there along the way you will surely cry about your work’; kʷaanáta kú payíkta ‘then indeed they will hear that (recorded language in the future)’; ku kúuk papx̣ʷíta, kúušx̣ašta míimi iwačá nč̓ínč̓i naamí tanánwit ‘and then they will think, long ago the Indian way of our elders was indeed like that’; anata kú páyš súlcasnɨm išapáwinatax̣na máan ‘when surely the army would drive us away’; kúuštašta kú ttáwax̣šana náma ‘in that manner then indeed we were growing up’; míšata kʷá ‘forever more!’. Sometimes takes the form =ata after a vowel: kʷɨ́ninaata wá ƛ̓áax̣ʷ pápanaymuni ‘because of that we are indeed all related to one another’. [NW =tx̣.]

táš

Camel cricket (Rhaphidophoridae).

=taš

We, us, ours, our. Exclusive. See =nataš.

táˀ

Warning, spank.

taˀáaš

Dim, dark. [NP /tahastáhas/ and /tohohóos/ ‘going out (of fire)’.]

taˀáam

Cloudy. taˀáam iwá ‘it’s cloudy’; áw iwámš taˀáam ‘it’s coming cloudy’. [NP /tehéem/ ‘dark, empty (of a house)’.]

taˀámn

Be cloudy. itaˀámša ‘it is cloudy, fogging up, going to rain’; itaˀámna ‘it clouded up’; áw itaˀámšamš ‘now it is coming clouds’. [NP /tehémn/.]

taˀášn

Be dark, hazy. itaˀášša ‘it’s getting dark’; itaˀášna ‘it got dark’. [NP /tahasn/ (Aoki 1994:691) and /tohosn/ (Aoki 1994:781), both ‘die out (of fire, light)’.]

táˀattaˀat

Red-side shiner, Richardsonius balteatus. Also p̓ałaní; t̓ałaní. [NW p̓asalí; t̓asalí; NP /téˀteˀt/.]

táˀawtaši

Wound with an arrow (or bullet). itáˀawtašiya kʷaaná ‘he wounded that one (but it got away)’. [Cf. NP /ˀéewtees/ ‘wound, bullet hole’.]

táˀawtašiyi

Wounded (by an arrow or bullet). táˀawtašiyi iwačá yáamaš ‘the deer was wounded’.

taˀáx̣

Icy. taˀáx̣ iwá ɨščɨ́t ‘the road is icy’. [Cf. NP /teek/ ‘in cold, freezing’.]