Emphatic. Frozen in ín ‘I’; ím ‘you’; íčɨn ‘to this’; íkʷɨn ‘to that’; ímɨn ‘where to?’; ičiškíin ‘in this language’. Largely productive in NW: čáwnaš átq̓ix̣ša ikuunák áyatnan ‘I do not want that exact woman’ (Jacobs 1929:224:8); cf. kuunák Spilyáy itk̓ína ‘Coyote watched that’ (Jacobs 1929:230:14). [NP /ˀí-/ with 1st person, /ˀi-/ with 2nd and 3rd person and interrogative pronouns.]
219 terms start with “i”
í-
Transitivizer. íkiik ‘clean’; ímiik ‘tan’; ímuyk ‘wring out and stretch’; ítk̓ʷk ‘straighten’; ítux̣ ‘take back’; íwayk ‘trap, catch’. Without -k: íkkmi ‘fill’; ílac̓muyn ‘warm up’; ílapaša ‘lay hands on for healing’; ílax̣yawi ‘dry’; ílax̣ʷayx̣ ‘heat’; ílwi ‘testify, confess’; ínaq̓i ‘finish’; ínaat̓i ‘cook’; ínawi ‘try, test’; íniix̣i ‘fix’; ípuxpuxi ‘spread around’; íqaax̣ta ‘pour into’; ísx̣ɨx̣n ‘infuriate, make angry’; ítux̣ ‘take back, return’; ítwa ‘mix’; ít̓x̣aša ‘smoke’; íƛ̓aapn ‘lost out on’; íƛ̓iyawi ‘kill’; íƛ̓ɨmux̣i ‘cover’; íyatna ‘kill’; íyaƛ̓pi ‘wet, moisten’; íyawa ‘drive away’. With -k: íc̓ik ‘sweeten’; ík̓uk ‘pile’; ík̓ʷaank ‘spoil, give constant attention’; íluk ‘build a fire’; íłamayč ‘hide’; íłik ‘bother’; íšq̓uk ‘rub on grease, anoint’; íšwik ‘reciprocate on the Indian trade’; íqʷik ‘perfume’; ítk̓ʷɨk ‘straighten’; ítyak̓uk ‘crowd’; íx̣alk̓uk ‘give a sudden scare’. [NP /hí-/.]
i-
Third person nominative pronominal. iwačá ‘he/she/it was’; iwínaša pt̓íits ‘the girl is going’; iwiyánawiya wínš ‘the man arrived’; iwáp̓aša tílaaki ‘the woman is weaving’; iq̓ínuša wawúkyana ‘he/she sees the elk’; iq̓ínušaaš wawúkyanɨm ‘the elk sees me’; ku ipápaničɨnx̣ana ana mɨná ‘and they would bury one another anywhere’. [NP /hi-/.]
-i
Past participle. ataš kúuš wačá náma sápsik̓ʷani ‘such as we were taught’; ku áwača wátisas aníyi kakyanmí p̓ip̓inmí ‘and his rope was made of animal intestine’; tílaaki níyi iwačá miyuux̣míyaw ‘a woman was given to the chief’; čáw mɨná iwačá aníyi tamicáwas ‘nowhere was there a cemetery made’; áwata aníyi wilawiix̣tpamá ‘their racetrack will be made’; ku iwá pčɨ́š wíwac̓aaki ‘and each door/gate is locked’; wáx̣ɨmki iwá ɨst̓swáakuł ‘the corn is ground’; níči iwá ‘he is put away (buried)’; wɨ́npi iwá ‘he is arrested’; lɨ́mq̓ini iwačá ‘he had his eyes closed’; tmíyuni iwá ‘it is decided’; šq̓múni iwá ‘it is wrinkled’; wátana pamáwšuwani ‘we will be readied’; ɨsɨ́xʷi ‘female salmon, female fish’; áwtaši ‘wounded’; áwtni ‘tabooed’; čáwiwani ‘stretched’; ílax̣ʷayx̣i ‘heated up’; pánaymuni ‘related to one another’; sapác̓ɨmki ‘sharpened’; sapák̓stni ‘cooled down’; sapasunaytí ‘wheel barrow’; táax̣aluuni calutimat̓áwas ‘dyed cornhusk’; wák̓ɨlki nɨkʷɨ́t ‘hamburger’; walák̓iki łkmá ‘the stick-game bone with the mark’; waníči ‘named’; wánpi ‘sung (one who has sung the medicine song)’; wášani ‘ridden’; wáašani ‘adherent of the dreamer religion’; xawíyi ‘mature, ripened’. With nouns: čáwx̣inam wá wɨłq̓ámi ‘you are not similarly shod’; tamámi ‘cake’; pátasi ‘quail’; púuši ‘having juniper, worthless land’. [NE -í; NP /-iˀins/.]
-i
Adjunct that occurs only in the CR dialects. Occurs after a (where it is orthographically -y) in Umatilla: pmáy ‘they’; k̓ʷáy ‘that’; naamanáy ‘us’; imanáy ‘you (acc.)’; paanáy ‘him/her/it’; piinamanáy ‘them two’; etc. Also occurs in WS after nominative personal pronouns: íni ‘I’; ími ‘you’; pɨ́ni ‘he/she/ it’; náamay ‘we’; etc. The N dialects variously have instead -k, thus NW: ínk ‘I’; ímk ‘you’; pɨ́nk ‘he/she/it’; namák ‘we’; etc. [Cf. NP /-i/ in /ˀipí/ ‘he, she, it’; Klamath i in ni ‘I’; mi ‘yours’; bi ‘he, she, it’.]
-i
Ablative case. čɨ́ni ‘from this, from here’; kʷɨ́ni ‘from that, from there’; mɨ́ni ‘from where? whence?’. See also -kni. [N -ik; NP /-ik/.]
-i
Imperative. Only in WS imperative plural: wínamti ‘y’all come!’. See -k. [NP imperative /-i/ (only after vowel stems); Klamath imperative singular -i.]
-i
Verbalizer. ámani ‘marry’ (of a woman); táˀawtaši ‘wound with an arrow (or bullet)’; čáksksi ‘make small’; čáynači ‘marry’ (of a man); čx̣áwi ‘be fat’; íkkmi ‘fill’; íkuuksɨmi ‘straighten out’; íniix̣i ‘fix’; íƛ̓ɨmx̣ʷi ‘cover’; kúuki ‘cook’; lák̓ʷšk̓ʷši ‘turn brown from roasting’; láqayx̣i ‘shine’; láx̣yawi ‘dry’; lax̣ʷayx̣łáyi ‘have the flu’; łáyłayi ‘have measles, pox’; páščti ‘mist, be misty’; sapátaawayi ‘freeze’; skúuli ‘go to school’; sulátasi ‘put on leggings’; šapáłkapi ‘have arthritis’; šátɨmi ‘be autumn’; tamc̓íc̓iti ‘hail’; táatpasi ‘put on like a shirt’; tilíwali ‘bleed’; tuní ‘strike a match’; t̓úx̣t̓ux̣i ‘rain’; wawáx̣ɨmi ‘be spring’; wɨłq̓ámi ‘put on moccasins’. Productive with borrowed words: *town*i ‘go to town’; *watch*i ‘watch’. [NP /-hi/.]
íša
Daughter. Vocative. íša wínam ‘daughter, come!’. See páp. [NP /ˀ´sta/ (spoken by a woman); íša is possibly a sound symbolic variant of íłaˀ ‘mother!’.]
íšat
Side, one side; half-dollar (coin). náx̣š íšat ‘one half’; paˀíšat ‘half and half’; íšatkni ‘on the other side’; íšatkan ‘toward the other side, across’; kʷníin íšatkni Ímatalampa ‘on that side of Umatilla’. [NP /kúpkn̓ikee(y)/.]
išatkniłá
One from across the river, Yakima or Wanapum person. išatkniłáma pawá ‘they are people from across the river’; Išatkniłáma ‘Yakima or Wanapum people’.
íšax̣
Add. anam kú áwilax̣yawiša x̣nítna čáwnam áwišax̣ta c̓ína ‘when you are drying roots do not add sugar’. [NP /hísaq/.]
icímayc
Feed (animals). paˀicímayca k̓úsi ‘he fed his horse’; músmuscɨnma icímaytsa c̓íc̓k ‘he is feeding his cattle hay’; áwicimaycɨnk k̓úsina c̓íc̓k ‘feed the horse hay!’; áwicimayctanam ɨwínatna ku k̓úsimaaman ku músmuscɨnmaaman ‘you should feed the cervids and horses and cattle’; icímaytsa k̓usik̓úsi ‘he is feeding his dog’; icímayca k̓usik̓úsi ‘he fed his dog’; páˀicimaytsa k̓úsimaaman ‘he is feeding the horses’; paˀicímayca k̓úsimaaman ‘they fed the horses’; icímaycɨnk k̓usik̓úsi ‘feed your dog!’; áwicimayctanam ílukyaw ‘you’ll feed them (the ghosts, by tossing food) into the fire (and that way they won’t bother you – see čáč̓wik)’. [WS icímac; NE icímak; NW yacímak; NP /k´wyek/.]
icímayct
Feed (hay, oats, etc.). iníya k̓úsimaaman icímayct ‘he gave the feed to the horses’. [WS icímact; NE icímakt; NW yacímakt; NP sepéepeˀs /sepé-hp-eˀs/.]
icimayctpamá
Feeding trough, manger. [NP /k´wyekees/.]
icwałá
Large intestine, colon. [NP /ˀicwałán/ “white intestines. máymay has excrement in it; ˀicwałá·n does not” (Aoki 1994:1008).]
íc̓ik
Sweeten, spice. íc̓iksa q̓ʷšq̓ʷɨ́š ‘he is sweetening his coffee’; ic̓ikáwas ‘sugar’.
ic̓ikáwas
Sugar. [NP cicyúk̓is /ccyk̓ʷis/.]
íc̓wayk
Make straight, straighten. Y pináˀic̓waykša ‘he is straightening himself up (morally)’.
ič̓un
Root bound in wiyáyč̓un ‘fear’.