Maternal uncle; man’s sister’s child. káka ‘uncle!’; nakákas ‘my uncle’; ɨkák ‘your uncle’; pítx̣ ‘(his/her) uncle’; kákaama ‘uncles’; áykɨnx̣anaaš naamína nč̓ína nakákasan ‘I used to hear our elder uncle’. See pítx̣. [NP /t´q/.]

Man’s younger brother. Form found only in ínkaks ‘my younger brother’. See ɨsx̣ɨ́p. [NP /ˀnm̓´sqap/.]

Bird, animal. The prototype animal is a bird, typically a magpie (áč̓ay). tál iwá kskɨ́s kákya ‘black bug is a small insect’; áswan iwačá kákya ‘the bird was a boy’; paˀínɨmša kákyama ‘the birds are singing’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷna kákya pašúkayiša waníčt ‘all the animals know our names (especially the meadowlark [x̣ʷɨ́łx̣ʷł])’; kuna paˀáwx̣ta kákya ana kú pawiyánawita ánč̓ax̣i ‘and the birds will miss us when they come back again’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷ ana tún pawá kákyama ‘all whatever are the animals’; tunx̣túnx̣ kákyama ‘different animals’; kákyama pawá ƛ̓áax̣ʷ – wawúkya x̣átx̣at spílya ‘they’re all animals – elk, duck, coyote…’; sapx̣ʷninłá kákyama ‘crawling animals’ (saysáy ‘worms’, pyúš ‘snakes’, ámuš ‘snails’); waynałá kákyama ‘flying creatures’ (x̣ʷaamá ‘eagle’, č̓átaqš ‘bat’, atníwa ‘bee’); ánakʷi kákya ‘the thrown back creatures (from the Legend Time)’; tawyanaktpamá kákyama ‘farm animals’; tkʷátat kakyamaamíyay tkʷátataš ‘food for the animals to eat’; kakyamaamí winanuut̓áwas ‘bird bath’; támšɨlpi kákya ‘ladybug’.

Yellow water-lily, Indian pond lily, spatterdock, wokas, Nuphar polysepala. [NP /sáslaqs/ ~ /saslaqs/, also means ‘moose’.]

Lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta. Also pronounced qalámqalam. Also called tap̓áštap̓aš, tap̓ašwáakuł. [NW x̣anɨmx̣ánɨm; Y k̓aláam; NP /ql´mqlm/.]

Weaving end, top of the basket, loops. c̓apx̣mí kalúlak̓it ‘cedar basket loops’. See čanúnaq̓it. [Y kalúwaas; NP /kan̓winaq̓it/.]

Sockeye or blueback salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Also pronounced kálxʷ. kaluxmí áčaš ‘evening primrose, Oenothera pallida‘. níix̣ iwá táani kálux ‘sockeye is good to can’. [NP q̓óyx̣c /q̓ʷ´yx̣c/.]

Jack blueback salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. paˀínaat̓ix̣a kaluxkáluxna ‘they barbecue the jacks’.

Maternal grandmother; woman’s daughter’s child. káła ‘grandmother! grandchild!’; nakáłas ‘my grandmother’; ínkała ‘my grandchild’; ɨkáł ‘your grandmother’; ímkała ‘your grandchild’; káła ‘(his/her) grandmother; her daughter’s child’; nakáłasaanš ániya ‘I gave it to my grandmother’; nakáłasanɨmš iníya ‘my grandmother gave it to me’; káł iwinána ‘your grandmother went’; iq̓ínušanaaš kałáp ‘your grandmother saw me’; inmíyawx̣inam išapáwinama kałáp ‘your grandmother sent you to me’; áq̓inušanaaš kałáp ‘I saw your grandmother’; ku aw kú ápinawšuwana káła ‘and then his grandmother got herself ready’; áykɨnx̣anaaš inmína káłaan ‘I used to hear my grandmother’; k̓ʷáynaš kúuš itɨmnanáx̣nawax̣ana inmínɨm káłanɨm ‘my grandmother used to tell me stories like that’; ku ɨ́nna káłapa ‘and he said to his grandmother’; ku aw kú patáwyašana káłayin ‘and then he was living with his grandmother’; inmí kałanmí áwača mɨ́taw ƛ̓áksma ‘my grandmother had three sisters’; ínkałayin páq̓inuna ‘my grandchild saw him’; ínkałanɨmš iq̓inwatána ‘my grandchild went to see me’; ímkałanɨmš iq̓ínušana ‘your daughter’s child saw me’; ímkałaan ánik ‘give it to your daughter’s child!’; imkałanmí áwa ‘it’s your daughter’s child’s’. [NP /qása/.]

Versative case. Toward. ku pášapawinana Imatalamłáaman Háwtmikan ‘and he sent the Umatillas toward McKay Creek’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n iwá čáan Athenakan tiičám ‘the aforementioned which is land toward Athena’; pawínana inmíkan ‘they went toward my place’; pawšánax̣ana kʷáan táp̓aškan ‘they used to move toward those mountains’; k̓ʷáy áw čaaní iwámš naamíkan ‘that one is coming toward us’; napiinamíkan iwáynana ‘he flew toward us two’; áx̣mikan ‘toward inland’; nɨwítkan ku wáqacalkan ‘toward the right and toward the left’. [NP /-kek/.]