254 terms start with “n”

-n

Verbalizer. Note that -n is not suffixed or else deletes before -k. kúułn ‘be full, sated’; k̓áatn ‘throw away, shave’; sc̓átn ‘be dark’; swísn ‘fillet salmon’; sapák̓stn ‘cool down, freeze’. Reverbalizes nominalizations with -t: kútkutn ‘work’; wɨšpɨ́tn ‘sit up from lying down’; wáyčtwayčtn ‘cross back and forth’. [NP /-n/.]

-n

Adjunct. Occurs between an obstruent and various suffixes, i.e., imperative (-k) and habitual aspect (-x̣a): áyčɨnk ‘sit down!’; áykɨnx̣anaataš ‘we used to hear them’. With the present perfect (-š) all that remains is the adjunct: iyíkɨn ‘he has heard’.

nɨ́š

Your older sister. iwinána nɨ́š ‘your older sister went’. See pát. nɨ́š. Root in tánšk ‘light a fire, burn’. [Cf. lɨ́s- ‘sparking, glittering’.]

na-

Definition:

My.

Function:

With kinship terms when the possessor is younger than the kinsman. Co-occurs with -as. Attach to nouns.

Examples:

  1. natútas ‘my father’;
  2. naˀíłas ‘my mother’;
  3. napúsas ‘my paternal grandfather’;
  4. natílas ‘my maternal grandfather’;
  5. nakáłas ‘my maternal grandmother’;
  6. naˀálas ‘my paternal grandmother’;
  7. nayáyas ‘my elder brother’.

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[NP /neˀ-/, though cognate, co-occurs with no “-as” suffix.]

ná-

Definition:

With noise, vocalization.

Function:

Attach to verbs.

Examples:

  1. náčipši ‘vomit while crying’;
  2. náša ‘make noise’;
  3. nátkʷata ‘eat while talking’;
  4. náwa(č) ‘say, talk, speak’;
  5. náwanič ‘call out a name’;
  6. náwayx̣ti ‘run along hollering’;
  7. nawinałá ‘thunder’;
  8. náwiyaˀani ‘noisily make on the way’;
  9. náwiyanawi ‘arrive to ask’;
  10. náwiyanax̣ti ‘cry along the way’;
  11. náwiyanayt ‘go out singing’;
  12. náwiyatkʷata ‘eat on the way while talking’;
  13. náwiyawayx̣ti ‘run along hollering’;
  14. náwšayč ‘utter, say’;
  15. náx̣ašwi ‘ask to go; challenge’;
  16. náx̣ti ‘cry, weep’;
  17. náttun ‘language’.

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[NP /ˀle-/.]

ná-

Carrying, taking. náčič ‘bring’; nána ‘take along, bring’; náyš ‘take in’; náyt ‘take out’. [NP /ˀnéh-/.]

-na

Function:

Accusative case.

Examples:

  1. áwnaaš kʷaaná tílaakina ‘I told that woman’;
  2. saxixaxinmína tmaanítna patáwanicɨnx̣a plɨ́splɨs ‘they call the fruit of the snowberry plɨ́splɨs‘;
  3. kunam áwtta ƛ̓áax̣ʷna túna ‘and you will taboo everything’.
  4. With accusative concord grammatical accessibility to possessive modifier is denied:
    1. áykɨnx̣anaaš naamína nč̓ína nakákasaan ‘I used to hear our elder maternal uncle’;
    2. áq̓inunx̣anaaš inmína nč̓ína ‘I used to see my elder’;
    3. átwanataaš naamína pátna ‘I will follow our older sister’;
    4. kúušnaš áwɨnx̣ana inmína miyánašna Thomasna ‘thusly I used to tell my child Thomas’;
    5. čáw iwá łq̓íwit anam kú áwštaymata naamína čɨ́mtina tkʷátatna ‘it’s not a game when you meet our new food’.
  5. In complements:
    1. átq̓ix̣šaaš pyax̣ína tkʷátat ‘I want to eat bitterroot’;
    2. čáw mún iqíčkša kuušnanáy tamánwitkina walptáyktna ‘he never cares for the Indian way of singing’;
    3. ana kúuš míimi panaknúwišana wánptna ‘in the way that they were taking care of the singing long ago’;
    4. ku iwá náx̣š naknuwiłá pčɨ́šna ‘and there is one keeper of the door’.
  6. Has the form -an. after a:
    1. áykɨnx̣anaaš inmína káłaan ‘I used to hear my grandmother’;
    2. inákpaaša luc̓áan k̓pɨ́tna ‘she is separating out the red beads’.
  7. Klickitat has -Vn everywhere after V:
    1. kunam kʷnák áptyamta yɨ́x̣aan ‘and there you will spear the beaver’ (Jacobs 1929:200:14–15);
    2. ku áwiƛ̓iyawiya k̓ʷaalíin ‘and he killed the dangerous thing’ (Jacobs 1929:207:1);
    3. kuunáknataš ápuunx̣a pt̓ɨ́x̣anuun ‘we echo that mountain’ (Jacobs 1937:15.3.2, pg. 27).

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[NW -nan; NP /-ne(n)/.]

-na

Fossilized translocative directional. máana ‘go root digging (day trip)’; nána ‘bring’; sámxna ‘talk to’; šápa ‘pack on the back’; tamáwna ‘throw over, drape over’; twána ‘accompany, follow’; tx̣áwna ‘blow (east wind)’; wána ‘flow’; wátkʷna ‘charge, rush’; wáwna ‘go over the hill’; wáyna ‘fly’; wína ‘go’; wɨšána ‘move’. [NP /-(n)en/; PS *-nen.]

-ná

Locative. mɨná ‘where?’; čná ‘in this’; kʷná ‘in that’; -namáan ‘pertaining to’. See also -pa. [NW -nán; NP /-ne/, /-ney/.]

=na

Definition:

We, us, ours, our. (Including the listener)

Function:

Inclusive.

Examples:

  1. Subject:
    1. ƛ̓áax̣ʷna wá pánaymuni ‘we are all related’;
    2. áwna átimayišana sɨ́nwit ‘now we are writing their language’;
    3. máanna wínaša ‘where are we going?’.
  2. Object:
    1. čáwna mún payíkɨnx̣a tanánki sɨ́nwityaw ‘they never hear us speak in Indian’;
    2. išáptyanaytimana Ímatalamkni ‘he drove us from Umatilla’;
    3. aníyayiyana ƛ̓áax̣ʷ tkʷátat tanánmaaman ‘he made all the food for us Indians’;
    4. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n aníyayiya płɨ́x̣ ‘the aforementioned medicine which he made for us’.
  3. Possessor:
    1. áwna wáyx̣tiša k̓usik̓úsi ‘our dog is running now’;
    2. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n naamí wá sɨ́nwit ‘the aforementioned which is our language’;
    3. k̓ʷáyna wá naamí tkʷátat ‘that is our food’.

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=nataš ‘we, us, ours, our’ (exclusive)

náma ‘we’

Pronoun chart

[NW =nan; NP /-nm/.]

náša

Make noise, roar, sound. The noise is the direct object. áw ináša x̣úupnit ‘now the bluff has sounded (said when it’s going to warm up and the snow about to go off)’; tiyánaša ‘come making noise’; tunánaša ‘make noise with the feet’. [NP /ˀlésen/.]

náakni

All the way around. náakni áčawaanknikɨnk ‘put it clear around!’. [NP liklíi /lkl´y/.]

náaman

Us. Also naamanáy. ana k̓ʷapɨ́n nč̓ínč̓ima pasápsik̓ʷana náaman sɨ́nwit ‘the aforementioned elders who taught us the language’; ana kú itamánwiya náaman ‘when he legislated us’; kuna itamánwiyayišamš náaman łk̓ʷí ‘and he is legislating our days’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n iníya náaman hawláakni walptáykaš ‘those songs which he gave us from heaven’; čáwtaš náamač̓a paˀíƛ̓iyawita ‘they will not kill us also’.

naamanáy

Us. Accusative plural. Also náaman. naamanáytaš ɨ́nna ‘he told us’; naamanáysɨmtaš paníya ‘they gave it only to us’; naamanáyč̓a ‘us too’; laamalaksá ‘us alone’; naamanáysɨm ‘us only’; naamanáyx̣uš ‘us first’. [NE náaman; NW niimanák; NP /núune/ (exclusive); /kíye/ (inclusive).]

naamí

Ours, our. Genitive plural. čítaš wá naamí tiičám ‘this is our land’; kúuštaš pasápsik̓ʷašana naamíma nč̓ínč̓ima ‘our elders were teaching us thusly’; kúušnaš áykɨnx̣ana naamímaaman nč̓ínč̓imaaman ‘thusly I used to hear our elders’; ana kʷaaná pátamanwiya čná tiičámpa naamíyay ‘that which he ordained in this land for us’; áwtni iwá tkʷátat naamíyay ‘the food is tabooed for us’; ana k̓ʷapɨ́n iwačá míimi sápsik̓ʷat naamíyaw ‘that which was the teaching for us long ago’; x̣ʷayamá iwáynana naamíkni ‘the eagle flew away from us’; naamí sɨ́nwit ‘our words, our language’; naamíč̓a ‘ours too’; laamiksá ‘ours alone’; naamísɨm ‘ours only’; naamíx̣i ‘ours similarly’; naamíx̣uš ‘ours first’. [NW niimí; NP núunim /núunnm/ (exclusive); /kíye/ (inclusive).]

náamɨn

Whole, unsplit. kuš kúuk šiyíx̣ ákuta náamɨn ‘and then I will do it well unsplit’ (Jacobs 1929:184:4); ipáƛ̓aaka náamɨn ‘he peeled it off whole’ (Jacobs 1929:184:7).

náamn

Definition:

To fade away.

Examples:

  1. ináamna x̣nít ‘the roots died away’;
  2. ana kú náamta ƛ̓áax̣ʷ nč̓íníč̓i tanán ‘when all our Indian elders are gone’;
  3. panáamna nč̓ínč̓ima ‘the elders are fading away’;
  4. čáwna mún náamta ‘we shall never fade away’;
  5. twánaamk ‘erase’.

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[NE naˀámn; NP /laˀámn/.]

náamni

Worn out. náamni tílatat ‘worn out pants’. [NE naˀamní; NP /laˀámniˀns/.]

náaptit

Twenty. náaptit ku náx̣š ‘twenty one’; náaptit ku mɨ́taat ‘twenty three’; náaptit x̣ax̣áykʷ ‘twenty dollars’. [Y níiptit; NP /leˀéptit/.]

nášat

Noise. [NP ˀiléese /ˀlésent/.]