218 terms start with “i

imiikáwas

Rock used in tanning hides, a stick with a rock on the end that is used to beat the hide on a frame in order to soften it.

ímiiki

Tanned. ímiiki apɨ́x̣ ‘buckskin’; ímiiki táatpas ‘buckskin dress’; pláš ímiiki ~ pláš ímiiki apɨ́x̣ ‘white buckskin’. [NE šapaˀišq̓ʷkí; Y ímuyki; NP /tw̓alpiˀins/; /nktpiˀins/; /ˀispihín/.]

imiiktpamá

Tanning frame.

imíin

Definition:

Yours, your, of you.


Function:

Genitive singular.


Examples:

  1. kumaš čáw wá imíin ‘and it is not yours’;
  2. amaš šín wačá imíin tíla ‘whoever was your grandfather’;
  3. amaš kúušx̣i wáta imíin tún kumaš wáta átaw ‘in the same way that you have something and it is valuable to you’;
  4. wát̓inam wášata kumaš wáta imíin ‘you will ride ahead and he’ll be yours’;
  5. áq̓inušanaaš imíina ɨsx̣ɨ́pna ‘I saw your younger brother’;
  6. iq̓inušanaaš imíinɨm áycnɨm ‘your younger sister saw me’;
  7. imíin tamánwit ‘your law’;
  8. imíin x̣túwit ‘your power’;
  9. kunamta kʷná wiyánax̣tita imikíin qqaanáytki ‘and there along the way you will cry about your work’;
  10. kutyaš aw kú átx̣unx̣a imikíin ‘but then I worry about you’;
  11. imiláyk̓aymaš wá ‘it’s for you’;
  12. átamaynačtanam tkʷátatna imiyawáy wáwnakʷšašyaw áwtnina ‘you will put the tabooed food into your body’;
  13. imikníin iwáynana x̣ʷayamá ‘the eagle flew away from you’;
  14. pawačá imipáyn ‘they were at your place’;
  15. imipáyn wiyanínpa ‘in your travels’;

See more:

imíinč̓a ‘you two also’;

imiksá ‘you two alone’;

imíisɨm ‘only you two’;

imíinx̣i ‘yours similarly’;

imíinx̣uš ‘you two first’.

[NW imínk; NP /ˀim´m/; /ˀé/.]

imiinamanáy

You two. Accusative dual. imiinamanáymataš níta ‘I will give it to you two’; imiinamanáyč̓a ‘you two also’; imiilamalaksá ‘you two alone’; imiinamanáysɨm ‘only you two’; imiinamanáyx̣i ‘you similarly’; imiinamanáyx̣uš ‘you two first’. [NE imiinamaná(k); NW imiininák.]

imiinamí

Yours, your, of you two. Genitive dual. Also imiinamíin. imiinamímaš wá k̓úsi ‘the horse belongs to you two’; iwáynana imiinamikníin ‘it flew away from you two’; imiinamikaní iwáynana ‘it flew toward you two’; imiinamiyawáy iwáynana ‘it flew to you two’; imiinamipáyn iwá ‘it’s at you two’s place’; imiinamikíin isɨ́nwiya ‘he talked about you two’; imiinamíč̓a ‘yours too’; imiilamiksá ‘yours alone’; imiinamísɨm ‘yours only’; imiinamísɨm ‘yours similarly’; imiinamíx̣uš ‘yours first’. [WS iminamín; NW imiinanmí.]

imiiní

You two. Nominative dual. imiinípam wínaša ‘you two are going’; imiiní wínatk ‘you two go!’; imiiníč̓a ‘you two also’; imiiliksá ‘you two alone’; imiinísɨm ‘only you two’; imiiníx̣i ‘you two similarly’; imiiníx̣uš ‘you two first’. [NW imiiník.]

ímlak

Make bad, dirty, mess up, ruin. paˀímlaka kʷaaná ‘they ruined that’. [Y ímasak.]

íšɨmlaytk

Sein fish. íšɨmlaytkšaaš ‘I am seining fish’ (Hunn 1990:122).

ímɨn

Where to? to somewhere, to wherever, to anywhere. ímɨnam wínaša ‘where are you going?’; ƛ̓áax̣ʷna čná wiyáwinata ímɨn náx̣šyaw tiičámyaw ana kú ɨ́nta ‘all of us here will go to some other land when he will call us’.

imníin

Definition:

You indeed.


Example:

imníinam kúta ‘you should do it yourself’.


See more:

=nam ‘you’ (singular);

=pam ‘you, yours, your’ (plural);

ím ‘you’ (nominative singular);

imanáy ‘you’ (accusative singular)

imalaksá ‘you alone’;

imanáysɨm ‘you only’;

imanáyx̣i ‘you similarly’;

imanáyx̣uš ‘you first’.

[NP ˀimníx.]

Pronoun chart

ímuyk

Wring out and stretch. paˀímuykša apɨ́x̣ ‘they’re wringing out and stretching out the hide’; áwimuykɨnk ‘wring out and stretch it!’. See also ímiik. [Cf. Y ímuyk ‘tan hide’.]

ín

Definition:

I.


Function:

Nominative singular.


Examples:

  1. wát̓is wiyáwat̓wita ín ‘I will take the lead’;
  2. ínmaš wiláalakʷa ‘I left you’;
  3. áwnaš ín pináwšuwaša ‘now I am getting myself ready’;
  4. kúušnaš áw ín wáta ‘thusly now I shall be’ (said when the myth characters answered to the law);
  5. aš kú ín ttáwax̣šana kuš čáw mún wínax̣ana wánptyaw ‘when I was growing up I never would go to the medicine singing’;
  6. k̓ʷáyšta kʷaaná kúuš átwanaša ín ‘in that way I am following that one’;
  7. k̓ʷáyš kʷɨ́ł ín šúkʷaša ‘that much I know’ (said at the end of speeches);
  8. ínaš waníša Twáway tanánki ‘I am named Twáway in Indian’;
  9. wačáaš ín amaš ín q̓ínušana ‘it was I who saw you’;
  10. k̓ʷáyš wɨ́npta ín ‘I will get that’; áwnaš ínč̓a wɨ́npta tanán waníčt ‘now I also will receive an Indian name’;
  11. čáwš ínč̓a šúkaša ‘I don’t know either’;
  12. watx̣ɨ́naš ínč̓a wínata ‘may I go too?’;

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=naš ‘I, me, mine, my’ (second position pronoun);

ína / ináy ‘I’ (accusative singular);

ilksá ‘I alone’;

ínsɨm ‘I only’;

ínx̣i ‘I similarly’;

ínx̣uš ‘I first’.

[WS íni; NW ínk; NP /ˀín/; Klamath ni.]

Pronoun chart

ín-

My. With kinship terms when the possessor is older than the kinsman. See ínm-. ínx̣ay iwá ‘he’s my [a man’s] friend’; ínpuša ‘my [a man’s] son’s child’; ínpayc ‘my [a woman’s] younger brother’; ínkała ‘my [a woman’s] daughter’s child’. [NP /ˀin(´m)-/.]

-in

Definition:

Together with someone or something.


Function:

Associative case. Attach to nouns.


Examples:

  1. Requires plural subject or object verb agreement.
    1. pišíšin pawínašana ‘he was going with his aunt’;
    2. tútin wínatk ‘go with your father!’;
    3. wínšintaš wačá watím ‘the man was with me yesterday’;
    4. kʷnátaš ášx̣ana tiyawtášpa nax̣áx̣asayin ‘I used to go in that drying shed with my maternal aunt’;
    5. patáwyašana Wawatáwya Spilyáyin ‘Antelope was living with Coyote’;
    6. wiyánawiyaataš kʷiiní wínšin ‘I arrived with that man’;
    7. miyánašin pawá ‘she’s with her child’;
    8. ku aw kú patáwyašana káłayin ‘and then he was living with his grandmother’;
    9. kʷná patáwyanaykɨnx̣ana k̓ʷáy káłyin ‘that one used to live there with his grandmother’;
    10. pyápin payámx̣atwanaša pčápa ‘he with his older brother are crying after their mother’.
  2. With accusative:
    1. álaakɨnšnaš Johnna Janeinaman ‘I have forgotten John along with Jane’.
  3. Marks the ergative in the pragmatic inverse:
    1. ku kʷná čúušin pátwanana ƛ̓áax̣ʷmaaman ‘and there the water follows them all’;
    2. ku kúuk súlcasin pášapawinama čaaní ‘and then the army sent them here’;
    3. ku kʷaaná pátwanimta náx̣šin ɨsípin ‘and another younger sister will come following her’;
    4. ku káayk pákʷayix̣a kʷiiní plášin plɨ́splɨsin ‘and that snowberry cleans his (sore)’;
    5. kʷáal x̣ašta pánakwinana čúušin ‘maybe the water brought him that far’;
    6. ana tún iwá tkʷátat ana k̓ʷapɨ́n pániča čná tiičámpa naamíin aniłáyin ‘anything that is the food which our Creator put on this land’.

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[NP /-iins/ (a grammatical extension of the possessive function of the past participle).]

-in

Dual number. miyánašin pawá ‘there are two children’; kutaš aw kú kúuš kúx̣ana inmíin nápu pyápin ku ín ‘and then my two older brothers and I would do thusly’; kutaš čí čná áłq̓itɨmšana nápuwinaman ‘and we here were teasing the two people’; katkaatinamí áwa ‘it’s the two boy’s’. [Probably an extension of the associative case -in.]

íčɨn

To this, to here. kʷɨ́nkitašta kú wiyánawiša íčɨn ‘for that reason then we are surely arriving here’; ana kú íčɨn ku pánakwinana ɨsxɨ́pin ‘when then his younger brother brought him here’.

-ínš

Nominalizer. With sense of ‘having’. tanínš ‘arrowhead’; tiičáminš ‘land owning’; tux̣nínš ‘coming right back, over and back the same day’; wɨx̣ínš ‘abalone’; yawastakíns ‘spiked water-milfoil’; yawatakíls ‘tadpole’; yukaasíns ‘horned buck’; ptɨ́x̣ninš (NW) & ptx̣nínš (WS) ‘six’. [NP /-iins/; cf. NP past participle /-iˀins/.]

íšn

Win, defeat, beat. paˀíšnaataš ‘they beat us’; áwišnaaš páx̣at Casinopa ‘I won five dollars from them at the casino’; kʷaynítaš áwišɨnx̣ana paanáy k̓úsi ‘in that manner we would win his horse’; áwišnaaš útpas ‘I won the blanket from them’; áwišnaaš ašwaníyaan winšmíkni ‘I won the slave from the man’; patq̓íx̣šanaaš áwištaaš ‘they wanted me to win’; caxcaxmíitpa íšna ‘he won at a card game’; páˀišna wínšna pályawatpa ‘he beat the man at the hand game’. [NP /hísn/.]

ína

Definition:

Me.


Examples:

  1. áwnaš ičáx̣ɨlpayišamš ína pčɨ́š ‘he is opening the door for me now’;
  2. payaaš x̣ax̣áykʷ ína ‘they gave me the money’;
  3. kunam čáw pášukʷayiša ína sɨ́nwit ‘and you do not know my words’.

See more:

ináy (Bruce Rigsby: “Vera [Jones] had only the ináy form; ína was Walla Walla.”)

=naš ‘I, me, mine, my.’ (pronominal suffix)

=na ‘I, me, mine, my.’ (pronominal suffix)

‘I, me, mine, my.’ (pronominal suffix)

[NW inák; NP /ˀíne/.]

Pronoun chart